feat(azure): add Deploy-to-Azure Bicep template and certificate auth

docs/user-guide/providers/azure/authentication.mdx

@@ -294,9 +294,9 @@ Alternatively, point Prowler at a certificate file on disk:
 prowler azure --certificate-auth --certificate-path /path/to/prowler.key
 ```
 
-## Service Principal Application Authentication (Recommended)
+## Service Principal Application Authentication
 
-This method is required for Prowler Cloud and recommended for Prowler CLI.
+This client-secret flow is the supported fallback when [Certificate Authentication](#certificate-authentication) is not an option — for example on sovereign clouds where the Deploy to Azure quick-start is unavailable, or when an organisation policy forbids certificate-based service principals. New Prowler Cloud onboardings should prefer certificate authentication.
 
 ### Creating the Service Principal
 For more information, see [Creating Prowler Service Principal](/user-guide/providers/azure/create-prowler-service-principal).

docs/user-guide/providers/azure/getting-started-azure.mdx

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Azure supports two authentication methods in the add-provider wizard. Prowler Cl
 
 #### Certificate Authentication (Recommended)
 
-The one-click flow: click **Deploy to Azure** in the wizard and let the Bicep template create the App Registration / Service Principal, the `Reader` role assignment, and the custom `ProwlerRole` with a certificate credential in a single deployment.
+The quick-start flow: click **Deploy to Azure** in the wizard to start a deployment in the Azure Portal with the Prowler Bicep template pre-loaded. The template creates the App Registration / Service Principal, the `Reader` role assignment, and the custom `ProwlerRole` bound to a certificate credential. You still fill the certificate parameter and confirm the deployment inside the Portal.
 
 1. In the Azure wizard, select **Certificate Authentication (Recommended)**.
 2. Click the **Deploy to Azure** button. This opens the Azure Portal deployment blade pre-loaded with the [Prowler Bicep template](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/blob/master/permissions/templates/azure/bicep/prowler-scan.bicep).

prowler/providers/azure/azure_provider.py

@@ -1188,13 +1188,15 @@ class AzureProvider(Provider):
                     )
                 # since that exception is not considered as critical, we keep filling another identity fields
                 if isinstance(credentials, CertificateCredential):
-                    # `getenv("AZURE_CLIENT_ID", default=client_id)` already
-                    # covers both the env-var cert-auth path (env is set) and
-                    # the static-credentials path (constructor param supplied
-                    # `client_id`). Reaching into `credentials._client_id`
-                    # would be the same class of azure-identity private state
-                    # we deliberately avoided for the thumbprint.
-                    identity.identity_id = getenv("AZURE_CLIENT_ID", default=client_id)
+                    # Prefer the explicit constructor param over the ambient
+                    # env var: with static credentials the caller has
+                    # unambiguously said "this is the client id" and using
+                    # the env var could silently substitute another
+                    # principal's id if the shell happens to have
+                    # `AZURE_CLIENT_ID` set. Fall back to the env var only
+                    # for the env-only cert-auth path where `client_id` is
+                    # `None`.
+                    identity.identity_id = client_id or getenv("AZURE_CLIENT_ID")
                     identity.identity_type = "Service Principal with Certificate"
                     # The SHA-1 thumbprint is computed from the certificate
                     # bytes by `_compute_certificate_thumbprint` at

ui/components/providers/workflow/forms/select-credentials-type/azure/credentials-type/azure-certificate-credentials-form.tsx

@@ -75,9 +75,10 @@ export const AzureCertificateCredentialsForm = ({
           Certificate Authentication (Recommended)
         </div>
         <div className="text-text-neutral-tertiary text-sm">
-          Deploy the Prowler Bicep template to provision the App Registration
-          / Service Principal and read-only roles in one click, then paste the
-          resulting credentials below.
+          The Deploy to Azure quick-start opens the Azure Portal with the
+          Prowler Bicep template pre-loaded to provision the App Registration /
+          Service Principal and read-only roles. Paste the resulting credentials
+          below when the deployment finishes.
         </div>
       </div>
       <div className="flex flex-col items-start gap-1">
@@ -98,12 +99,15 @@ export const AzureCertificateCredentialsForm = ({
           Don&apos;t have a certificate yet?
         </div>
         <p className="text-text-neutral-tertiary text-xs">
-          Generate a self-signed X.509 certificate right in your browser. The
-          <strong> private key is generated locally</strong> and goes straight
-          into the field below (it is then submitted with the rest of the
-          form). The public certificate downloads as a text file for you to
-          paste into the Bicep <code>Certificate Base64</code> parameter in
-          the Portal.
+          Generate a self-signed X.509 certificate right in your browser.
+          <strong>
+            {" "}
+            The certificate and private key are generated locally
+          </strong>
+          . The base64-encoded certificate/private-key bundle goes into the
+          field below and is submitted with the rest of the form. The public
+          certificate downloads as a text file for you to paste into the Bicep{" "}
+          <code>Certificate Base64</code> parameter in the Portal.
         </p>
         <Button
           type="button"
@@ -112,19 +116,18 @@ export const AzureCertificateCredentialsForm = ({
           onClick={handleGenerateCertificate}
           disabled={isGeneratingCert}
         >
-          {isGeneratingCert
-            ? "Generating…"
-            : "Generate certificate for me"}
+          {isGeneratingCert ? "Generating…" : "Generate certificate for me"}
         </Button>
         {generatorError && (
           <p className="text-text-error-primary text-xs">{generatorError}</p>
         )}
         {generatedThumbprint && (
           <p className="text-text-success-primary text-xs">
-            Done. Certificate SHA-1 thumbprint: <code>{generatedThumbprint}</code>
-            . Downloaded <code>prowler-cert-base64.txt</code> — paste its
-            contents into the Bicep <code>Certificate Base64</code> parameter,
-            then keep filling the fields below.
+            Done. Certificate SHA-1 thumbprint:{" "}
+            <code>{generatedThumbprint}</code>. Downloaded{" "}
+            <code>prowler-cert-base64.txt</code> — paste its contents into the
+            Bicep <code>Certificate Base64</code> parameter, then keep filling
+            the fields below.
           </p>
         )}
       </div>

ui/components/providers/workflow/forms/select-credentials-type/azure/radio-group-azure-via-credentials-type-form.tsx

@@ -6,12 +6,26 @@ import { WizardRadioCard } from "@/components/providers/workflow/forms/fields";
 import { FormMessage } from "@/components/shadcn/form";
 import { RadioGroup } from "@/components/shadcn/radio-group/radio-group";
 
+// The `via` values shared with the M365 flow (they both authenticate against
+// an Entra ID App Registration and reuse the same wizard state machine).
+// Exposed as a const object so consumers can reference the values by name
+// instead of duplicating string literals — matches the AWS/M365 patterns
+// (`AWS_CREDENTIAL_OPTIONS`, `M365_CREDENTIAL_OPTIONS`).
+export const AZURE_CREDENTIALS_TYPES = {
+  CERTIFICATE: "app_certificate",
+  CLIENT_SECRET: "app_client_secret",
+  EMPTY: "",
+} as const;
+
+type AzureCredentialsType =
+  (typeof AZURE_CREDENTIALS_TYPES)[keyof typeof AZURE_CREDENTIALS_TYPES];
+
 // Local form shape for this selector: only the radio value lives here, the
 // actual credential fields belong to the downstream credentials form. Kept
 // exported so `SelectViaAzure` and the tests bind the same type instead of
 // falling back to `any`.
 export type AzureCredentialsTypeFormValues = {
-  azureCredentialsType: "app_certificate" | "app_client_secret" | "";
+  azureCredentialsType: AzureCredentialsType;
 };
 
 type RadioGroupAzureViaCredentialsFormProps = {

ui/lib/azure-cert-generator.ts

@@ -148,11 +148,11 @@ export async function generateProwlerCertificate(
   // private key second. The full bundle is then base64-encoded so it can
   // live inside a single form field / JSON payload.
   const bundlePem = `${certPem.trim()}\n${privateKeyPem.trim()}\n`;
-  const privateKeyBundleBase64Pem = toBase64(new TextEncoder().encode(bundlePem));
-
-  const thumbprintBytes = new Uint8Array(
-    await subtle.digest("SHA-1", certDer),
+  const privateKeyBundleBase64Pem = toBase64(
+    new TextEncoder().encode(bundlePem),
   );
+
+  const thumbprintBytes = new Uint8Array(await subtle.digest("SHA-1", certDer));
   const thumbprintHex = bytesToHexUpper(thumbprintBytes);
 
   return {

ui/tests/providers/providers-page.ts

@@ -1102,7 +1102,9 @@ export class ProvidersPage extends BasePage {
 
     if (type === AZURE_CREDENTIAL_OPTIONS.AZURE_CREDENTIALS) {
       await this.azureServicePrincipalRadio.click({ force: true });
-    } else if (type === AZURE_CREDENTIAL_OPTIONS.AZURE_CERTIFICATE_CREDENTIALS) {
+    } else if (
+      type === AZURE_CREDENTIAL_OPTIONS.AZURE_CERTIFICATE_CREDENTIALS
+    ) {
       await this.azureCertificateCredentialsRadio.click({ force: true });
     } else {
       throw new Error(`Invalid Azure credential type: ${type}`);