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feat(gcp): add check to detect VMs with multiple network interfaces (#9702)
This commit is contained in:
lydiavilchez
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ All notable changes to the **Prowler SDK** are documented in this file.
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- Bedrock service pagination [(#9606)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/9606)
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- `ResourceGroup` field to all check metadata for resource classification [(#9656)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/9656)
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- `compute_instance_group_load_balancer_attached` check for GCP provider [(#9695)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/9695)
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- `compute_instance_single_network_interface` check for GCP provider [(#9702)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/9702)
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- `compute_image_not_publicly_shared` check for GCP provider [(#9718)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/9718)
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### Changed
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+40
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
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{
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"Provider": "gcp",
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"CheckID": "compute_instance_single_network_interface",
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"CheckTitle": "VM instance has a single network interface",
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"CheckType": [],
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"ServiceName": "compute",
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"SubServiceName": "",
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"ResourceIdTemplate": "",
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"Severity": "medium",
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"ResourceType": "compute.googleapis.com/Instance",
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"ResourceGroup": "compute",
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"Description": "VM instances should be configured with only **one network interface** unless multiple interfaces are explicitly required for complex network configurations.\n\nMultiple network interfaces expand the attack surface and create additional network pathways that may be exploited.",
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"Risk": "Multiple network interfaces on a VM instance can:\n\n- **Expand attack surface** by providing additional entry points for unauthorized access\n- **Create unintended network paths** that bypass security controls\n- **Increase management complexity** leading to potential misconfigurations",
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"RelatedUrl": "",
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"AdditionalURLs": [
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"https://www.trendmicro.com/cloudoneconformity/knowledge-base/gcp/ComputeEngine/vms-with-multiple-enis.html",
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"https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/multiple-interfaces-concepts"
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],
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"Remediation": {
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"Code": {
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"CLI": "",
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"NativeIaC": "",
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"Other": "1. Create a machine image from the non-compliant VM instance\n2. Create a new VM instance from the machine image with only one network interface\n3. Verify the new instance is functioning correctly\n4. Delete the original multi-interface instance",
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"Terraform": "```hcl\nresource \"google_compute_instance\" \"example_resource\" {\n name = \"example-instance\"\n machine_type = \"e2-medium\"\n zone = \"us-central1-a\"\n\n boot_disk {\n initialize_params {\n image = \"debian-cloud/debian-11\"\n }\n }\n\n # Only one network interface\n network_interface {\n network = \"default\"\n }\n}\n```"
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},
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"Recommendation": {
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"Text": "Configure VM instances with only the **minimum network connectivity** required for their intended purpose. Review instances with multiple network interfaces and consolidate to a single interface unless multi-NIC configuration is explicitly required for network appliance or routing purposes.",
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"Url": "https://hub.prowler.com/check/compute_instance_single_network_interface"
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}
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},
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"Categories": [
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"trust-boundaries"
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],
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"DependsOn": [],
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"RelatedTo": [
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"compute_instance_public_ip",
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"compute_instance_ip_forwarding_is_enabled"
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],
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"Notes": "Instances created by GKE or used as network virtual appliances may legitimately require multiple network interfaces."
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}
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+43
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
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from prowler.lib.check.models import Check, Check_Report_GCP
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from prowler.providers.gcp.services.compute.compute_client import compute_client
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class compute_instance_single_network_interface(Check):
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"""
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Ensure that VM instances have a single network interface.
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This check evaluates whether Compute Engine instances are configured with only
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one network interface to minimize network complexity and reduce attack surface.
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- PASS: The VM instance has a single network interface.
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- MANUAL: The VM instance is a GKE-managed instance with multiple network interfaces
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(manual review recommended as these may legitimately require multiple interfaces).
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- FAIL: The VM instance has multiple network interfaces (excluding GKE instances).
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"""
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def execute(self) -> list[Check_Report_GCP]:
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findings = []
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for instance in compute_client.instances:
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report = Check_Report_GCP(metadata=self.metadata(), resource=instance)
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report.status = "PASS"
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interface_names = [nic.name for nic in instance.network_interfaces]
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interface_count = len(instance.network_interfaces)
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if interface_count == 1:
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report.status_extended = f"VM Instance {instance.name} has a single network interface: {interface_names[0]}."
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elif interface_count > 1:
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# GKE instances may legitimately require multiple network interfaces
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if instance.name.startswith("gke-"):
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report.status = "MANUAL"
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report.status_extended = f"VM Instance {instance.name} has {interface_count} network interfaces: {', '.join(interface_names)}. This is a GKE-managed instance which may legitimately require multiple interfaces. Manual review recommended."
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else:
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report.status = "FAIL"
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report.status_extended = f"VM Instance {instance.name} has {interface_count} network interfaces: {', '.join(interface_names)}."
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else:
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report.status_extended = (
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f"VM Instance {instance.name} has no network interfaces."
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)
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findings.append(report)
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return findings
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@@ -105,10 +105,30 @@ class Compute(GCPService):
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for instance in response.get("items", []):
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public_ip = False
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for interface in instance.get("networkInterfaces", []):
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network_interfaces_raw = instance.get("networkInterfaces", [])
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network_interfaces = []
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for interface in network_interfaces_raw:
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for config in interface.get("accessConfigs", []):
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if "natIP" in config:
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public_ip = True
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network_interfaces.append(
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NetworkInterface(
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name=interface.get("name", ""),
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network=(
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interface.get("network", "").split("/")[-1]
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if interface.get("network")
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else ""
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),
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subnetwork=(
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interface.get("subnetwork", "").split("/")[-1]
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if interface.get("subnetwork")
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else ""
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),
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)
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)
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self.instances.append(
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Instance(
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name=instance["name"],
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@@ -167,6 +187,7 @@ class Compute(GCPService):
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deletion_protection=instance.get(
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"deletionProtection", False
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),
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network_interfaces=network_interfaces,
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)
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)
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@@ -582,6 +603,12 @@ class Compute(GCPService):
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)
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class NetworkInterface(BaseModel):
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name: str
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network: str = ""
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subnetwork: str = ""
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class Disk(BaseModel):
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name: str
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auto_delete: bool = False
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@@ -608,6 +635,7 @@ class Instance(BaseModel):
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preemptible: bool = False
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provisioning_model: str = "STANDARD"
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deletion_protection: bool = False
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network_interfaces: list[NetworkInterface] = []
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class Network(BaseModel):
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+357
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
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from unittest import mock
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from tests.providers.gcp.gcp_fixtures import GCP_PROJECT_ID, set_mocked_gcp_provider
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class Test_compute_instance_single_network_interface:
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def test_compute_no_instances(self):
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compute_client = mock.MagicMock()
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compute_client.instances = []
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with (
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mock.patch(
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"prowler.providers.common.provider.Provider.get_global_provider",
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return_value=set_mocked_gcp_provider(),
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),
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mock.patch(
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"prowler.providers.gcp.services.compute.compute_instance_single_network_interface.compute_instance_single_network_interface.compute_client",
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new=compute_client,
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),
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):
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from prowler.providers.gcp.services.compute.compute_instance_single_network_interface.compute_instance_single_network_interface import (
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compute_instance_single_network_interface,
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)
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check = compute_instance_single_network_interface()
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result = check.execute()
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assert len(result) == 0
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def test_single_network_interface(self):
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compute_client = mock.MagicMock()
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with (
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mock.patch(
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"prowler.providers.common.provider.Provider.get_global_provider",
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return_value=set_mocked_gcp_provider(),
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),
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mock.patch(
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"prowler.providers.gcp.services.compute.compute_instance_single_network_interface.compute_instance_single_network_interface.compute_client",
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new=compute_client,
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),
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):
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from prowler.providers.gcp.services.compute.compute_instance_single_network_interface.compute_instance_single_network_interface import (
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compute_instance_single_network_interface,
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)
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from prowler.providers.gcp.services.compute.compute_service import (
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Instance,
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NetworkInterface,
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)
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instance = Instance(
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name="test-instance",
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id="1234567890",
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zone="us-central1-a",
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region="us-central1",
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public_ip=False,
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metadata={},
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shielded_enabled_vtpm=True,
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shielded_enabled_integrity_monitoring=True,
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confidential_computing=False,
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service_accounts=[
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{"email": "123-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com"}
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],
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ip_forward=False,
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disks_encryption=[],
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project_id=GCP_PROJECT_ID,
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network_interfaces=[
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NetworkInterface(
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name="nic0", network="default", subnetwork="default"
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)
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],
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)
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compute_client.project_ids = [GCP_PROJECT_ID]
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compute_client.instances = [instance]
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check = compute_instance_single_network_interface()
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result = check.execute()
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assert len(result) == 1
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assert result[0].status == "PASS"
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assert (
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result[0].status_extended
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== "VM Instance test-instance has a single network interface: nic0."
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)
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assert result[0].resource_id == "1234567890"
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assert result[0].project_id == GCP_PROJECT_ID
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assert result[0].resource_name == "test-instance"
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assert result[0].location == "us-central1"
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def test_multiple_network_interfaces(self):
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from prowler.providers.gcp.services.compute.compute_service import (
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Instance,
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NetworkInterface,
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)
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instance = Instance(
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name="multi-nic-instance",
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id="9876543210",
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zone="us-central1-a",
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region="us-central1",
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public_ip=True,
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metadata={},
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shielded_enabled_vtpm=True,
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shielded_enabled_integrity_monitoring=True,
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confidential_computing=False,
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service_accounts=[
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{"email": f"{GCP_PROJECT_ID}-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com"}
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],
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ip_forward=False,
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disks_encryption=[],
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project_id=GCP_PROJECT_ID,
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network_interfaces=[
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NetworkInterface(name="nic0", network="default", subnetwork="subnet-1"),
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NetworkInterface(name="nic1", network="vpc-2", subnetwork="subnet-2"),
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NetworkInterface(name="nic2", network="vpc-3", subnetwork="subnet-3"),
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],
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)
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compute_client = mock.MagicMock()
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compute_client.project_ids = [GCP_PROJECT_ID]
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compute_client.instances = [instance]
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with (
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mock.patch(
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"prowler.providers.common.provider.Provider.get_global_provider",
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return_value=set_mocked_gcp_provider(),
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),
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mock.patch(
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"prowler.providers.gcp.services.compute.compute_instance_single_network_interface.compute_instance_single_network_interface.compute_client",
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new=compute_client,
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),
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):
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from prowler.providers.gcp.services.compute.compute_instance_single_network_interface.compute_instance_single_network_interface import (
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compute_instance_single_network_interface,
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)
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check = compute_instance_single_network_interface()
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result = check.execute()
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assert len(result) == 1
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assert result[0].status == "FAIL"
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assert (
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result[0].status_extended
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== "VM Instance multi-nic-instance has 3 network interfaces: nic0, nic1, nic2."
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)
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assert result[0].resource_id == "9876543210"
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assert result[0].project_id == GCP_PROJECT_ID
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assert result[0].resource_name == "multi-nic-instance"
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assert result[0].location == "us-central1"
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def test_two_network_interfaces(self):
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from prowler.providers.gcp.services.compute.compute_service import (
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Instance,
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NetworkInterface,
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)
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instance = Instance(
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name="dual-nic-instance",
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id="1111111111",
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zone="europe-west1-b",
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region="europe-west1",
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public_ip=False,
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metadata={},
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shielded_enabled_vtpm=True,
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shielded_enabled_integrity_monitoring=True,
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confidential_computing=False,
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service_accounts=[],
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ip_forward=False,
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disks_encryption=[],
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project_id=GCP_PROJECT_ID,
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network_interfaces=[
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NetworkInterface(name="nic0", network="default", subnetwork="default"),
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NetworkInterface(name="nic1", network="vpc-2", subnetwork="subnet-2"),
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],
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)
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compute_client = mock.MagicMock()
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compute_client.project_ids = [GCP_PROJECT_ID]
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compute_client.instances = [instance]
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with (
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mock.patch(
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"prowler.providers.common.provider.Provider.get_global_provider",
|
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return_value=set_mocked_gcp_provider(),
|
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),
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mock.patch(
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"prowler.providers.gcp.services.compute.compute_instance_single_network_interface.compute_instance_single_network_interface.compute_client",
|
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new=compute_client,
|
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),
|
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):
|
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from prowler.providers.gcp.services.compute.compute_instance_single_network_interface.compute_instance_single_network_interface import (
|
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compute_instance_single_network_interface,
|
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)
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check = compute_instance_single_network_interface()
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result = check.execute()
|
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assert len(result) == 1
|
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assert result[0].status == "FAIL"
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assert (
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result[0].status_extended
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== "VM Instance dual-nic-instance has 2 network interfaces: nic0, nic1."
|
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)
|
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assert result[0].resource_id == "1111111111"
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assert result[0].project_id == GCP_PROJECT_ID
|
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assert result[0].resource_name == "dual-nic-instance"
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assert result[0].location == "europe-west1"
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def test_mixed_instances(self):
|
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from prowler.providers.gcp.services.compute.compute_service import (
|
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Instance,
|
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NetworkInterface,
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
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instance_single_nic = Instance(
|
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name="single-nic-instance",
|
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id="1111111111",
|
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zone="us-central1-a",
|
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region="us-central1",
|
||||
public_ip=False,
|
||||
metadata={},
|
||||
shielded_enabled_vtpm=True,
|
||||
shielded_enabled_integrity_monitoring=True,
|
||||
confidential_computing=False,
|
||||
service_accounts=[],
|
||||
ip_forward=False,
|
||||
disks_encryption=[],
|
||||
project_id=GCP_PROJECT_ID,
|
||||
network_interfaces=[
|
||||
NetworkInterface(name="nic0", network="default", subnetwork="default")
|
||||
],
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
instance_multi_nic = Instance(
|
||||
name="multi-nic-instance",
|
||||
id="2222222222",
|
||||
zone="us-central1-a",
|
||||
region="us-central1",
|
||||
public_ip=True,
|
||||
metadata={},
|
||||
shielded_enabled_vtpm=True,
|
||||
shielded_enabled_integrity_monitoring=True,
|
||||
confidential_computing=False,
|
||||
service_accounts=[],
|
||||
ip_forward=False,
|
||||
disks_encryption=[],
|
||||
project_id=GCP_PROJECT_ID,
|
||||
network_interfaces=[
|
||||
NetworkInterface(name="nic0", network="default", subnetwork="default"),
|
||||
NetworkInterface(name="nic1", network="vpc-2", subnetwork="subnet-2"),
|
||||
NetworkInterface(name="nic2", network="vpc-3", subnetwork="subnet-3"),
|
||||
NetworkInterface(name="nic3", network="vpc-4", subnetwork="subnet-4"),
|
||||
],
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
compute_client = mock.MagicMock()
|
||||
compute_client.project_ids = [GCP_PROJECT_ID]
|
||||
compute_client.instances = [instance_single_nic, instance_multi_nic]
|
||||
|
||||
with (
|
||||
mock.patch(
|
||||
"prowler.providers.common.provider.Provider.get_global_provider",
|
||||
return_value=set_mocked_gcp_provider(),
|
||||
),
|
||||
mock.patch(
|
||||
"prowler.providers.gcp.services.compute.compute_instance_single_network_interface.compute_instance_single_network_interface.compute_client",
|
||||
new=compute_client,
|
||||
),
|
||||
):
|
||||
from prowler.providers.gcp.services.compute.compute_instance_single_network_interface.compute_instance_single_network_interface import (
|
||||
compute_instance_single_network_interface,
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
check = compute_instance_single_network_interface()
|
||||
result = check.execute()
|
||||
|
||||
assert len(result) == 2
|
||||
|
||||
# First instance: single NIC (PASS)
|
||||
assert result[0].status == "PASS"
|
||||
assert (
|
||||
result[0].status_extended
|
||||
== "VM Instance single-nic-instance has a single network interface: nic0."
|
||||
)
|
||||
assert result[0].resource_id == "1111111111"
|
||||
assert result[0].resource_name == "single-nic-instance"
|
||||
|
||||
# Second instance: multiple NICs (FAIL)
|
||||
assert result[1].status == "FAIL"
|
||||
assert (
|
||||
result[1].status_extended
|
||||
== "VM Instance multi-nic-instance has 4 network interfaces: nic0, nic1, nic2, nic3."
|
||||
)
|
||||
assert result[1].resource_id == "2222222222"
|
||||
assert result[1].resource_name == "multi-nic-instance"
|
||||
|
||||
def test_gke_instance_multiple_network_interfaces(self):
|
||||
from prowler.providers.gcp.services.compute.compute_service import (
|
||||
Instance,
|
||||
NetworkInterface,
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
instance = Instance(
|
||||
name="gke-cluster-default-pool-12345678-abcd",
|
||||
id="9999999999",
|
||||
zone="us-central1-a",
|
||||
region="us-central1",
|
||||
public_ip=False,
|
||||
metadata={},
|
||||
shielded_enabled_vtpm=True,
|
||||
shielded_enabled_integrity_monitoring=True,
|
||||
confidential_computing=False,
|
||||
service_accounts=[],
|
||||
ip_forward=False,
|
||||
disks_encryption=[],
|
||||
project_id=GCP_PROJECT_ID,
|
||||
network_interfaces=[
|
||||
NetworkInterface(
|
||||
name="nic0", network="gke-network", subnetwork="gke-subnet"
|
||||
),
|
||||
NetworkInterface(
|
||||
name="nic1", network="gke-network-2", subnetwork="gke-subnet-2"
|
||||
),
|
||||
],
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
compute_client = mock.MagicMock()
|
||||
compute_client.project_ids = [GCP_PROJECT_ID]
|
||||
compute_client.instances = [instance]
|
||||
|
||||
with (
|
||||
mock.patch(
|
||||
"prowler.providers.common.provider.Provider.get_global_provider",
|
||||
return_value=set_mocked_gcp_provider(),
|
||||
),
|
||||
mock.patch(
|
||||
"prowler.providers.gcp.services.compute.compute_instance_single_network_interface.compute_instance_single_network_interface.compute_client",
|
||||
new=compute_client,
|
||||
),
|
||||
):
|
||||
from prowler.providers.gcp.services.compute.compute_instance_single_network_interface.compute_instance_single_network_interface import (
|
||||
compute_instance_single_network_interface,
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
check = compute_instance_single_network_interface()
|
||||
result = check.execute()
|
||||
|
||||
assert len(result) == 1
|
||||
assert result[0].status == "MANUAL"
|
||||
assert (
|
||||
result[0].status_extended
|
||||
== "VM Instance gke-cluster-default-pool-12345678-abcd has 2 network interfaces: nic0, nic1. This is a GKE-managed instance which may legitimately require multiple interfaces. Manual review recommended."
|
||||
)
|
||||
assert result[0].resource_id == "9999999999"
|
||||
assert result[0].project_id == GCP_PROJECT_ID
|
||||
assert result[0].resource_name == "gke-cluster-default-pool-12345678-abcd"
|
||||
assert result[0].location == "us-central1"
|
||||
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ class TestComputeService:
|
||||
assert not compute_client.instances[0].automatic_restart
|
||||
assert not compute_client.instances[0].preemptible
|
||||
assert compute_client.instances[0].provisioning_model == "STANDARD"
|
||||
assert len(compute_client.instances[0].network_interfaces) == 1
|
||||
|
||||
assert compute_client.instances[1].name == "instance2"
|
||||
assert compute_client.instances[1].id.__class__.__name__ == "str"
|
||||
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ class TestComputeService:
|
||||
assert not compute_client.instances[1].automatic_restart
|
||||
assert not compute_client.instances[1].preemptible
|
||||
assert compute_client.instances[1].provisioning_model == "STANDARD"
|
||||
assert len(compute_client.instances[1].network_interfaces) == 0
|
||||
|
||||
assert len(compute_client.networks) == 3
|
||||
assert compute_client.networks[0].name == "network1"
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user