fix(attack-paths): Start Neo4j at startup for API only (#9873)

Co-authored-by: Josema Camacho <josema@prowler.com>

api/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ All notable changes to the **Prowler API** are documented in this file.
 - Attack paths findings loading query to use streaming generator for O(batch_size) memory instead of O(total_findings) [(#9862)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/9862)
 - Lazy load Neo4j driver [(#9868)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/9868)
 - Use `Findings.all_objects` to avoid the `ActiveProviderPartitionedManager` [(#9869)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/9869)
+- Lazy load Neo4j driver for workers only [(#9872)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/9872)
 
 ## [1.18.0] (Prowler v5.17.0)
 

api/src/backend/api/apps.py

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ class ApiConfig(AppConfig):
     def ready(self):
         from api import schema_extensions  # noqa: F401
         from api import signals  # noqa: F401
+        from api.attack_paths import database as graph_database
         from api.compliance import load_prowler_compliance
 
         # Generate required cryptographic keys if not present, but only if:
@@ -41,8 +42,37 @@ class ApiConfig(AppConfig):
         ):
             self._ensure_crypto_keys()
 
-        # Neo4j driver is initialized lazily on first use (see api.attack_paths.database)
-        # This avoids connection attempts during regular scans that don't need graph database
+        # Commands that don't need Neo4j
+        SKIP_NEO4J_DJANGO_COMMANDS = [
+            "makemigrations",
+            "migrate",
+            "pgpartition",
+            "check",
+            "help",
+            "showmigrations",
+            "check_and_fix_socialaccount_sites_migration",
+        ]
+
+        # Skip Neo4j initialization during tests, some Django commands, and Celery
+        if getattr(settings, "TESTING", False) or (
+            len(sys.argv) > 1
+            and (
+                (
+                    "manage.py" in sys.argv[0]
+                    and sys.argv[1] in SKIP_NEO4J_DJANGO_COMMANDS
+                )
+                or "celery" in sys.argv[0]
+            )
+        ):
+            logger.info(
+                "Skipping Neo4j initialization because tests, some Django commands or Celery"
+            )
+
+        else:
+            graph_database.init_driver()
+
+        # Neo4j driver is initialized at API startup (see api.attack_paths.database)
+        # It remains lazy for Celery workers and selected Django commands
 
         load_prowler_compliance()
 

api/src/backend/api/tests/test_apps.py

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 import os
+import sys
+import types
 from pathlib import Path
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
 from django.conf import settings
 
+import api
 import api.apps as api_apps_module
 from api.apps import (
     ApiConfig,
@@ -150,3 +153,82 @@ def test_ensure_crypto_keys_skips_when_env_vars(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
 
     # Assert: orchestrator did not trigger generation when env present
     assert called["ensure"] is False
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def stub_api_modules():
+    """Provide dummy modules imported during ApiConfig.ready()."""
+    created = []
+    for name in ("api.schema_extensions", "api.signals"):
+        if name not in sys.modules:
+            sys.modules[name] = types.ModuleType(name)
+            created.append(name)
+
+    yield
+
+    for name in created:
+        sys.modules.pop(name, None)
+
+
+def _set_argv(monkeypatch, argv):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "argv", argv, raising=False)
+
+
+def _set_testing(monkeypatch, value):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(settings, "TESTING", value, raising=False)
+
+
+def _make_app():
+    return ApiConfig("api", api)
+
+
+def test_ready_initializes_driver_for_api_process(monkeypatch):
+    config = _make_app()
+    _set_argv(monkeypatch, ["gunicorn"])
+    _set_testing(monkeypatch, False)
+
+    with patch.object(ApiConfig, "_ensure_crypto_keys", return_value=None), patch(
+        "api.attack_paths.database.init_driver"
+    ) as init_driver:
+        config.ready()
+
+    init_driver.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_ready_skips_driver_for_celery(monkeypatch):
+    config = _make_app()
+    _set_argv(monkeypatch, ["celery", "-A", "api"])
+    _set_testing(monkeypatch, False)
+
+    with patch.object(ApiConfig, "_ensure_crypto_keys", return_value=None), patch(
+        "api.attack_paths.database.init_driver"
+    ) as init_driver:
+        config.ready()
+
+    init_driver.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_ready_skips_driver_for_manage_py_skip_command(monkeypatch):
+    config = _make_app()
+    _set_argv(monkeypatch, ["manage.py", "migrate"])
+    _set_testing(monkeypatch, False)
+
+    with patch.object(ApiConfig, "_ensure_crypto_keys", return_value=None), patch(
+        "api.attack_paths.database.init_driver"
+    ) as init_driver:
+        config.ready()
+
+    init_driver.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_ready_skips_driver_when_testing(monkeypatch):
+    config = _make_app()
+    _set_argv(monkeypatch, ["gunicorn"])
+    _set_testing(monkeypatch, True)
+
+    with patch.object(ApiConfig, "_ensure_crypto_keys", return_value=None), patch(
+        "api.attack_paths.database.init_driver"
+    ) as init_driver:
+        config.ready()
+
+    init_driver.assert_not_called()

api/src/backend/api/tests/test_attack_paths_database.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 """
 Tests for Neo4j database lazy initialization.
 
-The Neo4j driver should only connect when actually needed (lazy initialization),
-not at Django app startup. This allows regular scans to run without Neo4j.
+The Neo4j driver connects on first use by default. API processes may
+eagerly initialize the driver during app startup, while Celery workers
+remain lazy. These tests validate the database module behavior itself.
 """
 
 import threading