feat(ui): add attack paths node visual mapper

- Add typed resolver for graph node visual metadata
- Reuse existing service icons for known resource labels
- Cover exact, alias, and fallback mappings with tests

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/new-check-request.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+name: "🔎 New Check Request"
+description: Request a new Prowler security check
+title: "[New Check]: "
+labels: ["feature-request", "status/needs-triage"]
+
+body:
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: search
+    attributes:
+      label: Existing check search
+      description: Confirm this check does not already exist before opening a new request.
+      options:
+        - label: I have searched existing issues, Prowler Hub, and the public roadmap, and this check does not already exist.
+          required: true
+
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Use this form to describe the security condition that Prowler should evaluate.
+
+        The most useful inputs for [Prowler Studio](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler-studio) are:
+        - What should be detected
+        - What PASS and FAIL mean
+        - Vendor docs, API references, SDK methods, CLI commands, or reference code
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: provider
+    attributes:
+      label: Provider
+      description: Cloud or platform this check targets.
+      options:
+        - AWS
+        - Azure
+        - GCP
+        - Kubernetes
+        - GitHub
+        - Microsoft 365
+        - OCI
+        - Alibaba Cloud
+        - Cloudflare
+        - MongoDB Atlas
+        - Google Workspace
+        - OpenStack
+        - Vercel
+        - NHN
+        - Other / New provider
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: input
+    id: other_provider_name
+    attributes:
+      label: New provider name
+      description: Only fill this if you selected "Other / New provider" above.
+      placeholder: "NewProviderName"
+    validations:
+      required: false
+
+  - type: input
+    id: service_name
+    attributes:
+      label: Service or product area
+      description: Optional. Main service, product, or feature to audit.
+      placeholder: "s3, bedrock, entra, repository, apiserver"
+    validations:
+      required: false
+
+  - type: input
+    id: suggested_check_name
+    attributes:
+      label: Suggested check name
+      description: Optional. Use `snake_case` following `<service>_<resource>_<best_practice>`, with lowercase letters and underscores only.
+      placeholder: "bedrock_guardrail_sensitive_information_filter_enabled"
+    validations:
+      required: false
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: context
+    attributes:
+      label: Context and goal
+      description: Describe the security problem, why it matters, and what this new check should help detect.
+      placeholder: |-
+        - Security condition to validate:
+        - Why it matters:
+        - Resource, feature, or configuration involved:
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: expected_behavior
+    attributes:
+      label: Expected behavior
+      description: Explain what the check should evaluate and what PASS, FAIL, or MANUAL should mean.
+      placeholder: |-
+        - Resource or scope to evaluate:
+        - PASS when:
+        - FAIL when:
+        - MANUAL when (if applicable):
+        - Exclusions, thresholds, or edge cases:
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: references
+    attributes:
+      label: References
+      description: Add vendor docs, API references, SDK methods, CLI commands, endpoint docs, sample payloads, or similar reference material.
+      placeholder: |-
+        - Product or service documentation:
+        - API or SDK reference:
+        - CLI command or endpoint documentation:
+        - Sample payload or response:
+        - Security advisory or benchmark:
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: severity
+    attributes:
+      label: Suggested severity
+      description: Your best estimate. Reviewers will confirm during triage.
+      options:
+        - Critical
+        - High
+        - Medium
+        - Low
+        - Informational
+        - Not sure
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: implementation_notes
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional implementation notes
+      description: Optional. Add permissions, unsupported regions, config knobs, product limitations, or anything else that may affect implementation.
+      placeholder: |-
+        - Required permissions or scopes:
+        - Region, tenant, or subscription limitations:
+        - Configurable behavior or thresholds:
+        - Other constraints:
+    validations:
+      required: false

.github/workflows/labeler.yml

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
             "Alan-TheGentleman"
             "alejandrobailo"
             "amitsharm"
-            "andoniaf"
+            # "andoniaf"
             "cesararroba"
             "danibarranqueroo"
             "HugoPBrito"

.github/workflows/sdk-tests.yml

@@ -209,11 +209,11 @@ jobs:
           echo "AWS service_paths='${STEPS_AWS_SERVICES_OUTPUTS_SERVICE_PATHS}'"
 
           if [ "${STEPS_AWS_SERVICES_OUTPUTS_RUN_ALL}" = "true" ]; then
-            poetry run pytest -p no:randomly -n auto --cov=./prowler/providers/aws --cov-report=xml:aws_coverage.xml tests/providers/aws
+            poetry run pytest -n auto --cov=./prowler/providers/aws --cov-report=xml:aws_coverage.xml tests/providers/aws
           elif [ -z "${STEPS_AWS_SERVICES_OUTPUTS_SERVICE_PATHS}" ]; then
             echo "No AWS service paths detected; skipping AWS tests."
           else
-            poetry run pytest -p no:randomly -n auto --cov=./prowler/providers/aws --cov-report=xml:aws_coverage.xml ${STEPS_AWS_SERVICES_OUTPUTS_SERVICE_PATHS}
+            poetry run pytest -n auto --cov=./prowler/providers/aws --cov-report=xml:aws_coverage.xml ${STEPS_AWS_SERVICES_OUTPUTS_SERVICE_PATHS}
           fi
         env:
           STEPS_AWS_SERVICES_OUTPUTS_RUN_ALL: ${{ steps.aws-services.outputs.run_all }}

.github/workflows/ui-tests.yml

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ jobs:
             fonts.gstatic.com:443
             api.github.com:443
             release-assets.githubusercontent.com:443
+            cdn.playwright.dev:443
+            objects.githubusercontent.com:443
 
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
@@ -152,6 +154,24 @@ jobs:
           echo "Only test files changed - running ALL unit tests"
           pnpm run test:run
 
+      - name: Cache Playwright browsers
+        if: steps.check-changes.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        id: playwright-cache
+        uses: actions/cache@668228422ae6a00e4ad889ee87cd7109ec5666a7 # v5.0.4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.cache/ms-playwright
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-playwright-chromium-${{ hashFiles('ui/pnpm-lock.yaml') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-playwright-chromium-
+
+      - name: Install Playwright Chromium browser
+        if: steps.check-changes.outputs.any_changed == 'true' && steps.playwright-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: pnpm exec playwright install chromium
+
+      - name: Run browser tests
+        if: steps.check-changes.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        run: pnpm run test:browser
+
       - name: Build application
         if: steps.check-changes.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
         run: pnpm run build

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,17 +1,34 @@
+# Priority tiers (lower = runs first, same priority = concurrent):
+#   P0  — fast file fixers
+#   P10 — validators and guards
+#   P20 — auto-formatters
+#   P30 — linters
+#   P40 — security scanners
+#   P50 — dependency validation
+
+default_install_hook_types: [pre-commit, pre-push]
+
 repos:
   ## GENERAL (prek built-in — no external repo needed)
   - repo: builtin
     hooks:
       - id: check-merge-conflict
+        priority: 10
       - id: check-yaml
         args: ["--allow-multiple-documents"]
         exclude: (prowler/config/llm_config.yaml|contrib/)
+        priority: 10
       - id: check-json
+        priority: 10
       - id: end-of-file-fixer
+        priority: 0
       - id: trailing-whitespace
+        priority: 0
       - id: no-commit-to-branch
+        priority: 10
       - id: pretty-format-json
         args: ["--autofix", --no-sort-keys, --no-ensure-ascii]
+        priority: 10
 
   ## TOML
   - repo: https://github.com/macisamuele/language-formatters-pre-commit-hooks
@@ -20,6 +37,7 @@ repos:
       - id: pretty-format-toml
         args: [--autofix]
         files: pyproject.toml
+        priority: 20
 
   ## GITHUB ACTIONS
   - repo: https://github.com/zizmorcore/zizmor-pre-commit
@@ -27,6 +45,7 @@ repos:
     hooks:
       - id: zizmor
         files: ^\.github/
+        priority: 30
 
   ## BASH
   - repo: https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck-precommit
@@ -34,6 +53,7 @@ repos:
     hooks:
       - id: shellcheck
         exclude: contrib
+        priority: 30
 
   ## PYTHON — SDK (prowler/, tests/, dashboard/, util/, scripts/)
   - repo: https://github.com/myint/autoflake
@@ -48,6 +68,7 @@ repos:
             "--remove-all-unused-imports",
             "--remove-unused-variable",
           ]
+        priority: 20
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pycqa/isort
     rev: 8.0.1
@@ -56,6 +77,7 @@ repos:
         name: "SDK - isort"
         files: { glob: ["{prowler,tests,dashboard,util,scripts}/**/*.py"] }
         args: ["--profile", "black"]
+        priority: 20
 
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
     rev: 26.3.1
@@ -63,6 +85,7 @@ repos:
       - id: black
         name: "SDK - black"
         files: { glob: ["{prowler,tests,dashboard,util,scripts}/**/*.py"] }
+        priority: 20
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pycqa/flake8
     rev: 7.3.0
@@ -71,6 +94,7 @@ repos:
         name: "SDK - flake8"
         files: { glob: ["{prowler,tests,dashboard,util,scripts}/**/*.py"] }
         args: ["--ignore=E266,W503,E203,E501,W605"]
+        priority: 30
 
   ## PYTHON — API + MCP Server (ruff)
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
@@ -80,9 +104,11 @@ repos:
         name: "API + MCP - ruff check"
         files: { glob: ["{api,mcp_server}/**/*.py"] }
         args: ["--fix"]
+        priority: 30
       - id: ruff-format
         name: "API + MCP - ruff format"
         files: { glob: ["{api,mcp_server}/**/*.py"] }
+        priority: 20
 
   ## PYTHON — Poetry
   - repo: https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry
@@ -93,24 +119,28 @@ repos:
         args: ["--directory=./api"]
         files: { glob: ["api/{pyproject.toml,poetry.lock}"] }
         pass_filenames: false
+        priority: 50
 
       - id: poetry-lock
         name: API - poetry-lock
         args: ["--directory=./api"]
         files: { glob: ["api/{pyproject.toml,poetry.lock}"] }
         pass_filenames: false
+        priority: 50
 
       - id: poetry-check
         name: SDK - poetry-check
         args: ["--directory=./"]
         files: { glob: ["{pyproject.toml,poetry.lock}"] }
         pass_filenames: false
+        priority: 50
 
       - id: poetry-lock
         name: SDK - poetry-lock
         args: ["--directory=./"]
         files: { glob: ["{pyproject.toml,poetry.lock}"] }
         pass_filenames: false
+        priority: 50
 
   ## CONTAINERS
   - repo: https://github.com/hadolint/hadolint
@@ -118,6 +148,7 @@ repos:
     hooks:
       - id: hadolint
         args: ["--ignore=DL3013"]
+        priority: 30
 
   ## LOCAL HOOKS
   - repo: local
@@ -128,6 +159,7 @@ repos:
         language: system
         types: [python]
         files: { glob: ["{prowler,tests,dashboard,util,scripts}/**/*.py"] }
+        priority: 30
 
       - id: trufflehog
         name: TruffleHog
@@ -138,6 +170,7 @@ repos:
         language: system
         pass_filenames: false
         stages: ["pre-commit", "pre-push"]
+        priority: 40
 
       - id: bandit
         name: bandit
@@ -148,6 +181,7 @@ repos:
         files: '.*\.py'
         exclude:
           { glob: ["{contrib,skills}/**", "**/.venv/**", "**/*_test.py"] }
+        priority: 40
 
       - id: safety
         name: safety
@@ -166,6 +200,7 @@ repos:
                 ".safety-policy.yml",
               ],
           }
+        priority: 40
 
       - id: vulture
         name: vulture
@@ -174,3 +209,4 @@ repos:
         language: system
         types: [python]
         files: '.*\.py'
+        priority: 40

README.md

@@ -104,22 +104,22 @@ Every AWS provider scan will enqueue an Attack Paths ingestion job automatically
 
 | Provider | Checks | Services | [Compliance Frameworks](https://docs.prowler.com/projects/prowler-open-source/en/latest/tutorials/compliance/) | [Categories](https://docs.prowler.com/projects/prowler-open-source/en/latest/tutorials/misc/#categories) | Support | Interface |
 |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-| AWS | 572 | 83 | 41 | 17 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
-| Azure | 165 | 20 | 18 | 13 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
-| GCP | 100 | 13 | 15 | 11 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
-| Kubernetes | 83 | 7 | 7 | 9 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
-| GitHub | 21 | 2 | 1 | 2 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
-| M365 | 89 | 9 | 4 | 5 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
-| OCI | 48 | 13 | 3 | 10 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
-| Alibaba Cloud | 61 | 9 | 3 | 9 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
-| Cloudflare | 29 | 2 | 0 | 5 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
+| AWS | 595 | 84 | 43 | 17 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
+| Azure | 167 | 22 | 19 | 16 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
+| GCP | 102 | 18 | 17 | 12 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
+| Kubernetes | 83 | 7 | 7 | 11 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
+| GitHub | 24 | 3 | 1 | 5 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
+| M365 | 101 | 10 | 4 | 10 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
+| OCI | 51 | 14 | 4 | 10 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
+| Alibaba Cloud | 61 | 9 | 4 | 9 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
+| Cloudflare | 29 | 3 | 0 | 5 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
 | IaC | [See `trivy` docs.](https://trivy.dev/latest/docs/coverage/iac/) | N/A | N/A | N/A | Official | UI, API, CLI |
 | MongoDB Atlas | 10 | 3 | 0 | 8 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
 | LLM | [See `promptfoo` docs.](https://www.promptfoo.dev/docs/red-team/plugins/) | N/A | N/A | N/A | Official | CLI |
 | Image | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Official | CLI, API |
-| Google Workspace | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Official | CLI |
-| OpenStack | 27 | 4 | 0 | 8 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
-| Vercel | 30 | 6 | 0 | 5 | Official | CLI |
+| Google Workspace | 25 | 4 | 2 | 4 | Official | CLI |
+| OpenStack | 34 | 5 | 0 | 9 | Official | UI, API, CLI |
+| Vercel | 26 | 6 | 0 | 5 | Official | CLI |
 | NHN | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | Unofficial | CLI |
 
 > [!Note]

api/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,23 @@
 
 All notable changes to the **Prowler API** are documented in this file.
 
+## [1.27.0] (Prowler UNRELEASED)
+
+### 🚀 Added
+
+- `scan-reset-ephemeral-resources` post-scan task zeroes `failed_findings_count` for resources missing from the latest full-scope scan, keeping ephemeral resources from polluting the Resources page sort [(#10929)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10929)
+
+---
+
+## [1.26.1] (Prowler v5.25.1)
+
+### 🐞 Fixed
+
+- Attack Paths: AWS scans no longer fail when enabled regions cannot be retrieved, and scans stuck in `scheduled` state are now cleaned up after the stale threshold [(#10917)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10917)
+- Scan report and compliance downloads now redirect to a presigned S3 URL instead of streaming through the API worker, preventing gunicorn timeouts on large files [(#10927)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10927)
+
+---
+
 ## [1.26.0] (Prowler v5.25.0)
 
 ### 🚀 Added
@@ -12,7 +29,7 @@ All notable changes to the **Prowler API** are documented in this file.
 
 ### 🔄 Changed
 
-- Allows tenant owners to expel users from their organizations  [(#10787)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10787)
+- Allows tenant owners to expel users from their organizations [(#10787)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10787)
 - `aggregate_findings`, `aggregate_attack_surface`, `aggregate_scan_resource_group_summaries` and `aggregate_scan_category_summaries` now upsert via `bulk_create(update_conflicts=True, ...)` instead of the prior `ignore_conflicts=True` / plain INSERT / `already backfilled` short-circuit. Re-runs triggered by the post-mute reaggregation pipeline no longer trip the `unique_*_per_scan` constraints nor silently drop updates, and are race-safe under concurrent writers (e.g. scan completion overlapping with a fresh mute rule) [(#10843)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10843)
 - Rename the scan-category and scan-resource-group summary aggregators from `backfill_*` to `aggregate_*` [(#10843)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10843)
 

api/src/backend/api/apps.py

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class ApiConfig(AppConfig):
             "check_and_fix_socialaccount_sites_migration",
         ]
 
-        # Skip Neo4j initialization during tests, some Django commands, and Celery
+        # Skip eager Neo4j init for tests, some Django commands, and Celery (prefork pool: driver must stay lazy, no post_fork hook)
         if getattr(settings, "TESTING", False) or (
             len(sys.argv) > 1
             and (
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class ApiConfig(AppConfig):
             )
         ):
             logger.info(
-                "Skipping Neo4j initialization because tests, some Django commands or Celery"
+                "Skipping eager Neo4j init: tests, some Django commands, or Celery prefork pool (driver stays lazy)"
             )
 
         else:

api/src/backend/api/models.py

@@ -595,10 +595,40 @@ class Scan(RowLevelSecurityProtectedModel):
     objects = ActiveProviderManager()
     all_objects = models.Manager()
 
+    _SCOPING_SCANNER_ARG_KEYS_CACHE: tuple[str, ...] | None = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_scoping_scanner_arg_keys(cls) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+        """Return the scanner_args keys that mark a scan as scoped.
+
+        Derived from ``prowler.lib.scan.scan.Scan.__init__`` so the API stays
+        in sync with whatever the SDK actually accepts as filters. Cached at
+        class level — the signature is stable for the process lifetime.
+        """
+        if cls._SCOPING_SCANNER_ARG_KEYS_CACHE is None:
+            import inspect
+
+            from prowler.lib.scan.scan import Scan as ProwlerScan
+
+            params = inspect.signature(ProwlerScan.__init__).parameters
+            cls._SCOPING_SCANNER_ARG_KEYS_CACHE = tuple(
+                name for name in params if name not in ("self", "provider")
+            )
+        return cls._SCOPING_SCANNER_ARG_KEYS_CACHE
+
     class TriggerChoices(models.TextChoices):
         SCHEDULED = "scheduled", _("Scheduled")
         MANUAL = "manual", _("Manual")
 
+    # Trigger values for scans that ran the SDK end-to-end. Imported scans (or
+    # any future trigger) are intentionally NOT in this set — they may carry
+    # only a partial slice of resources, so post-scan logic that depends on a
+    # full-scope sweep (e.g. resetting ephemeral resource findings) must skip
+    # them by default.
+    LIVE_SCAN_TRIGGERS = frozenset(
+        (TriggerChoices.SCHEDULED.value, TriggerChoices.MANUAL.value)
+    )
+
     id = models.UUIDField(primary_key=True, default=uuid7, editable=False)
     name = models.CharField(
         blank=True, null=True, max_length=100, validators=[MinLengthValidator(3)]
@@ -681,6 +711,24 @@ class Scan(RowLevelSecurityProtectedModel):
     class JSONAPIMeta:
         resource_name = "scans"
 
+    def is_full_scope(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if this scan ran with no scoping filters at all.
+
+        Used to gate post-scan operations (such as resetting the
+        failed_findings_count of resources missing from the scan) that are only
+        safe when the scan covered every check, service, and category. Imported
+        scans are NOT full-scope by definition — they may carry only a partial
+        slice of resources, so they're rejected via ``trigger`` even before the
+        scanner_args check.
+        """
+        if self.trigger not in self.LIVE_SCAN_TRIGGERS:
+            return False
+        scanner_args = self.scanner_args or {}
+        for key in self.get_scoping_scanner_arg_keys():
+            if scanner_args.get(key):
+                return False
+        return True
+
 
 class AttackPathsScan(RowLevelSecurityProtectedModel):
     objects = ActiveProviderManager()

api/src/backend/api/tests/test_views.py

@@ -3841,9 +3841,14 @@ class TestScanViewSet:
             "prowler-output-123_threatscore_report.pdf",
         )
 
+        presigned_url = (
+            "https://test-bucket.s3.amazonaws.com/"
+            "tenant-id/scan-id/threatscore/prowler-output-123_threatscore_report.pdf"
+            "?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Expires=300"
+        )
         mock_s3_client = Mock()
         mock_s3_client.list_objects_v2.return_value = {"Contents": [{"Key": pdf_key}]}
-        mock_s3_client.get_object.return_value = {"Body": io.BytesIO(b"pdf-bytes")}
+        mock_s3_client.generate_presigned_url.return_value = presigned_url
 
         mock_env_str.return_value = bucket
         mock_get_s3_client.return_value = mock_s3_client
@@ -3852,19 +3857,26 @@ class TestScanViewSet:
         url = reverse("scan-threatscore", kwargs={"pk": scan.id})
         response = authenticated_client.get(url)
 
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-        assert response["Content-Type"] == "application/pdf"
-        assert response["Content-Disposition"].endswith(
-            '"prowler-output-123_threatscore_report.pdf"'
-        )
-        assert response.content == b"pdf-bytes"
+        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_302_FOUND
+        assert response["Location"] == presigned_url
         mock_s3_client.list_objects_v2.assert_called_once()
-        mock_s3_client.get_object.assert_called_once_with(Bucket=bucket, Key=pdf_key)
+        mock_s3_client.generate_presigned_url.assert_called_once_with(
+            "get_object",
+            Params={
+                "Bucket": bucket,
+                "Key": pdf_key,
+                "ResponseContentDisposition": (
+                    'attachment; filename="prowler-output-123_threatscore_report.pdf"'
+                ),
+                "ResponseContentType": "application/pdf",
+            },
+            ExpiresIn=300,
+        )
 
     def test_report_s3_success(self, authenticated_client, scans_fixture, monkeypatch):
         """
-        When output_location is an S3 URL and the S3 client returns the file successfully,
-        the view should return the ZIP file with HTTP 200 and proper headers.
+        When output_location is an S3 URL and the object exists,
+        the view should return a 302 redirect to a presigned S3 URL.
         """
         scan = scans_fixture[0]
         bucket = "test-bucket"
@@ -3878,22 +3890,33 @@ class TestScanViewSet:
             type("env", (), {"str": lambda self, *args, **kwargs: "test-bucket"})(),
         )
 
+        presigned_url = (
+            "https://test-bucket.s3.amazonaws.com/report.zip"
+            "?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Expires=300"
+        )
+
         class FakeS3Client:
-            def get_object(self, Bucket, Key):
+            def head_object(self, Bucket, Key):
                 assert Bucket == bucket
                 assert Key == key
-                return {"Body": io.BytesIO(b"s3 zip content")}
+                return {}
+
+            def generate_presigned_url(self, ClientMethod, Params, ExpiresIn):
+                assert ClientMethod == "get_object"
+                assert Params["Bucket"] == bucket
+                assert Params["Key"] == key
+                assert Params["ResponseContentDisposition"] == (
+                    'attachment; filename="report.zip"'
+                )
+                assert ExpiresIn == 300
+                return presigned_url
 
         monkeypatch.setattr("api.v1.views.get_s3_client", lambda: FakeS3Client())
 
         url = reverse("scan-report", kwargs={"pk": scan.id})
         response = authenticated_client.get(url)
-        assert response.status_code == 200
-        expected_filename = os.path.basename("report.zip")
-        content_disposition = response.get("Content-Disposition")
-        assert content_disposition.startswith('attachment; filename="')
-        assert f'filename="{expected_filename}"' in content_disposition
-        assert response.content == b"s3 zip content"
+        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_302_FOUND
+        assert response["Location"] == presigned_url
 
     def test_report_s3_success_no_local_files(
         self, authenticated_client, scans_fixture, monkeypatch
@@ -4032,23 +4055,31 @@ class TestScanViewSet:
         )
 
         match_key = "path/compliance/mitre_attack_aws.csv"
+        presigned_url = (
+            "https://test-bucket.s3.amazonaws.com/path/compliance/mitre_attack_aws.csv"
+            "?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Expires=300"
+        )
 
         class FakeS3Client:
             def list_objects_v2(self, Bucket, Prefix):
                 return {"Contents": [{"Key": match_key}]}
 
-            def get_object(self, Bucket, Key):
-                return {"Body": io.BytesIO(b"ignored")}
+            def generate_presigned_url(self, ClientMethod, Params, ExpiresIn):
+                assert ClientMethod == "get_object"
+                assert Params["Key"] == match_key
+                assert Params["ResponseContentDisposition"] == (
+                    'attachment; filename="mitre_attack_aws.csv"'
+                )
+                assert ExpiresIn == 300
+                return presigned_url
 
         monkeypatch.setattr("api.v1.views.get_s3_client", lambda: FakeS3Client())
 
         framework = match_key.split("/")[-1].split(".")[0]
         url = reverse("scan-compliance", kwargs={"pk": scan.id, "name": framework})
         resp = authenticated_client.get(url)
-        assert resp.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-        cd = resp["Content-Disposition"]
-        assert cd.startswith('attachment; filename="')
-        assert cd.endswith('filename="mitre_attack_aws.csv"')
+        assert resp.status_code == status.HTTP_302_FOUND
+        assert resp["Location"] == presigned_url
 
     def test_compliance_s3_not_found(
         self, authenticated_client, scans_fixture, monkeypatch
@@ -4251,8 +4282,8 @@ class TestScanViewSet:
         scan.save()
 
         fake_client = MagicMock()
-        fake_client.get_object.side_effect = ClientError(
-            {"Error": {"Code": "NoSuchKey"}}, "GetObject"
+        fake_client.head_object.side_effect = ClientError(
+            {"Error": {"Code": "NoSuchKey"}}, "HeadObject"
         )
         mock_get_s3_client.return_value = fake_client
 
@@ -4275,8 +4306,8 @@ class TestScanViewSet:
         scan.save()
 
         fake_client = MagicMock()
-        fake_client.get_object.side_effect = ClientError(
-            {"Error": {"Code": "AccessDenied"}}, "GetObject"
+        fake_client.head_object.side_effect = ClientError(
+            {"Error": {"Code": "AccessDenied"}}, "HeadObject"
         )
         mock_get_s3_client.return_value = fake_client
 

api/src/backend/api/v1/views.py

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ from django.db.models import (
 )
 from django.db.models.fields.json import KeyTextTransform
 from django.db.models.functions import Cast, Coalesce, RowNumber
-from django.http import HttpResponse, QueryDict
+from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseBase, HttpResponseRedirect, QueryDict
 from django.shortcuts import redirect
 from django.urls import reverse
 from django.utils.dateparse import parse_date
@@ -2080,24 +2080,38 @@ class ScanViewSet(BaseRLSViewSet):
             },
         )
 
-    def _load_file(self, path_pattern, s3=False, bucket=None, list_objects=False):
+    def _load_file(
+        self,
+        path_pattern,
+        s3=False,
+        bucket=None,
+        list_objects=False,
+        content_type=None,
+    ):
         """
-        Loads a binary file (e.g., ZIP or CSV) and returns its content and filename.
+        Resolve a report file location and return the bytes (filesystem) or a redirect (S3).
 
         Depending on the input parameters, this method supports loading:
-        - From S3 using a direct key.
-        - From S3 by listing objects under a prefix and matching suffix.
-        - From the local filesystem using glob pattern matching.
+        - From S3 using a direct key, returns a 302 to a short-lived presigned URL.
+        - From S3 by listing objects under a prefix and matching suffix, returns a 302 to a short-lived presigned URL.
+        - From the local filesystem using glob pattern matching, returns the file bytes.
+
+        The S3 branch never streams bytes through the worker; this prevents gunicorn
+        worker timeouts on large reports.
 
         Args:
             path_pattern (str): The key or glob pattern representing the file location.
             s3 (bool, optional): Whether the file is stored in S3. Defaults to False.
             bucket (str, optional): The name of the S3 bucket, required if `s3=True`. Defaults to None.
             list_objects (bool, optional): If True and `s3=True`, list objects by prefix to find the file. Defaults to False.
+            content_type (str, optional): On the S3 branch, forwarded as `ResponseContentType`
+                so the presigned download advertises the same Content-Type the API used to send.
+                Ignored on the filesystem branch.
 
         Returns:
-            tuple[bytes, str]: A tuple containing the file content as bytes and the filename if successful.
-            Response: A DRF `Response` object with an appropriate status and error detail if an error occurs.
+            tuple[bytes, str]: For the filesystem branch, the file content and filename.
+            HttpResponseRedirect: For the S3 branch on success, a 302 redirect to a presigned `GetObject` URL.
+            Response: For any error path, a DRF `Response` with an appropriate status and detail.
         """
         if s3:
             try:
@@ -2144,25 +2158,45 @@ class ScanViewSet(BaseRLSViewSet):
                 # path_pattern here is prefix, but in compliance we build correct suffix check before
                 key = keys[0]
             else:
-                # path_pattern is exact key
+                # path_pattern is exact key; HEAD before presigning to preserve the 404 contract.
                 key = path_pattern
-            try:
-                s3_obj = client.get_object(Bucket=bucket, Key=key)
-            except ClientError as e:
-                code = e.response.get("Error", {}).get("Code")
-                if code == "NoSuchKey":
+                try:
+                    client.head_object(Bucket=bucket, Key=key)
+                except ClientError as e:
+                    code = e.response.get("Error", {}).get("Code")
+                    if code in ("NoSuchKey", "404"):
+                        return Response(
+                            {
+                                "detail": "The scan has no reports, or the report generation task has not started yet."
+                            },
+                            status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
+                        )
                     return Response(
-                        {
-                            "detail": "The scan has no reports, or the report generation task has not started yet."
-                        },
-                        status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
+                        {"detail": "There is a problem with credentials."},
+                        status=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
                     )
-                return Response(
-                    {"detail": "There is a problem with credentials."},
-                    status=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
-                )
-            content = s3_obj["Body"].read()
+
             filename = os.path.basename(key)
+            # escape quotes and strip CR/LF so a malformed key cannot break out of the header
+            safe_filename = (
+                filename.replace("\\", "\\\\")
+                .replace('"', '\\"')
+                .replace("\r", "")
+                .replace("\n", "")
+            )
+            params = {
+                "Bucket": bucket,
+                "Key": key,
+                "ResponseContentDisposition": f'attachment; filename="{safe_filename}"',
+            }
+            if content_type:
+                params["ResponseContentType"] = content_type
+            url = client.generate_presigned_url(
+                "get_object",
+                Params=params,
+                ExpiresIn=300,
+            )
+            return HttpResponseRedirect(url)
         else:
             files = glob.glob(path_pattern)
             if not files:
@@ -2205,12 +2239,16 @@ class ScanViewSet(BaseRLSViewSet):
             bucket = env.str("DJANGO_OUTPUT_S3_AWS_OUTPUT_BUCKET", "")
             key_prefix = scan.output_location.removeprefix(f"s3://{bucket}/")
             loader = self._load_file(
-                key_prefix, s3=True, bucket=bucket, list_objects=False
+                key_prefix,
+                s3=True,
+                bucket=bucket,
+                list_objects=False,
+                content_type="application/x-zip-compressed",
             )
         else:
             loader = self._load_file(scan.output_location, s3=False)
 
-        if isinstance(loader, Response):
+        if isinstance(loader, HttpResponseBase):
             return loader
 
         content, filename = loader
@@ -2248,13 +2286,19 @@ class ScanViewSet(BaseRLSViewSet):
             prefix = os.path.join(
                 os.path.dirname(key_prefix), "compliance", f"{name}.csv"
             )
-            loader = self._load_file(prefix, s3=True, bucket=bucket, list_objects=True)
+            loader = self._load_file(
+                prefix,
+                s3=True,
+                bucket=bucket,
+                list_objects=True,
+                content_type="text/csv",
+            )
         else:
             base = os.path.dirname(scan.output_location)
             pattern = os.path.join(base, "compliance", f"*_{name}.csv")
             loader = self._load_file(pattern, s3=False)
 
-        if isinstance(loader, Response):
+        if isinstance(loader, HttpResponseBase):
             return loader
 
         content, filename = loader
@@ -2287,13 +2331,19 @@ class ScanViewSet(BaseRLSViewSet):
                 "cis",
                 "*_cis_report.pdf",
             )
-            loader = self._load_file(prefix, s3=True, bucket=bucket, list_objects=True)
+            loader = self._load_file(
+                prefix,
+                s3=True,
+                bucket=bucket,
+                list_objects=True,
+                content_type="application/pdf",
+            )
         else:
             base = os.path.dirname(scan.output_location)
             pattern = os.path.join(base, "cis", "*_cis_report.pdf")
             loader = self._load_file(pattern, s3=False)
 
-        if isinstance(loader, Response):
+        if isinstance(loader, HttpResponseBase):
             return loader
 
         content, filename = loader
@@ -2327,13 +2377,19 @@ class ScanViewSet(BaseRLSViewSet):
                 "threatscore",
                 "*_threatscore_report.pdf",
             )
-            loader = self._load_file(prefix, s3=True, bucket=bucket, list_objects=True)
+            loader = self._load_file(
+                prefix,
+                s3=True,
+                bucket=bucket,
+                list_objects=True,
+                content_type="application/pdf",
+            )
         else:
             base = os.path.dirname(scan.output_location)
             pattern = os.path.join(base, "threatscore", "*_threatscore_report.pdf")
             loader = self._load_file(pattern, s3=False)
 
-        if isinstance(loader, Response):
+        if isinstance(loader, HttpResponseBase):
             return loader
 
         content, filename = loader
@@ -2367,13 +2423,19 @@ class ScanViewSet(BaseRLSViewSet):
                 "ens",
                 "*_ens_report.pdf",
             )
-            loader = self._load_file(prefix, s3=True, bucket=bucket, list_objects=True)
+            loader = self._load_file(
+                prefix,
+                s3=True,
+                bucket=bucket,
+                list_objects=True,
+                content_type="application/pdf",
+            )
         else:
             base = os.path.dirname(scan.output_location)
             pattern = os.path.join(base, "ens", "*_ens_report.pdf")
             loader = self._load_file(pattern, s3=False)
 
-        if isinstance(loader, Response):
+        if isinstance(loader, HttpResponseBase):
             return loader
 
         content, filename = loader
@@ -2406,13 +2468,19 @@ class ScanViewSet(BaseRLSViewSet):
                 "nis2",
                 "*_nis2_report.pdf",
             )
-            loader = self._load_file(prefix, s3=True, bucket=bucket, list_objects=True)
+            loader = self._load_file(
+                prefix,
+                s3=True,
+                bucket=bucket,
+                list_objects=True,
+                content_type="application/pdf",
+            )
         else:
             base = os.path.dirname(scan.output_location)
             pattern = os.path.join(base, "nis2", "*_nis2_report.pdf")
             loader = self._load_file(pattern, s3=False)
 
-        if isinstance(loader, Response):
+        if isinstance(loader, HttpResponseBase):
             return loader
 
         content, filename = loader
@@ -2445,13 +2513,19 @@ class ScanViewSet(BaseRLSViewSet):
                 "csa",
                 "*_csa_report.pdf",
             )
-            loader = self._load_file(prefix, s3=True, bucket=bucket, list_objects=True)
+            loader = self._load_file(
+                prefix,
+                s3=True,
+                bucket=bucket,
+                list_objects=True,
+                content_type="application/pdf",
+            )
         else:
             base = os.path.dirname(scan.output_location)
             pattern = os.path.join(base, "csa", "*_csa_report.pdf")
             loader = self._load_file(pattern, s3=False)
 
-        if isinstance(loader, Response):
+        if isinstance(loader, HttpResponseBase):
             return loader
 
         content, filename = loader

api/src/backend/tasks/jobs/attack_paths/aws.py

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def start_aws_ingestion(
     }
 
     boto3_session = get_boto3_session(prowler_api_provider, prowler_sdk_provider)
-    regions: list[str] = list(prowler_sdk_provider._enabled_regions)
+    regions: list[str] = resolve_aws_regions(prowler_api_provider, prowler_sdk_provider)
     requested_syncs = list(cartography_aws.RESOURCE_FUNCTIONS.keys())
 
     sync_args = cartography_aws._build_aws_sync_kwargs(
@@ -226,6 +226,48 @@ def get_boto3_session(
     return boto3_session
 
 
+def resolve_aws_regions(
+    prowler_api_provider: ProwlerAPIProvider,
+    prowler_sdk_provider: ProwlerSDKProvider,
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Resolve the regions to scan, falling back when `_enabled_regions` is `None`.
+
+    The SDK silently sets `_enabled_regions` to `None` when `ec2:DescribeRegions`
+    fails (missing IAM permission, transient error). Without a fallback the
+    Cartography ingestion crashes with a non-actionable `TypeError`. Try the
+    user's `audited_regions` next, then the partition's static region list.
+    Excluded regions are honored on every branch.
+    """
+    if prowler_sdk_provider._enabled_regions is not None:
+        regions = set(prowler_sdk_provider._enabled_regions)
+
+    elif prowler_sdk_provider.identity.audited_regions:
+        regions = set(prowler_sdk_provider.identity.audited_regions)
+
+    else:
+        partition = prowler_sdk_provider.identity.partition
+        try:
+            regions = prowler_sdk_provider.get_available_aws_service_regions(
+                "ec2", partition
+            )
+
+        except KeyError:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"No region data available for partition {partition!r}; "
+                f"cannot determine regions to scan for "
+                f"{prowler_api_provider.uid}"
+            )
+
+        logger.warning(
+            f"Could not enumerate enabled regions for AWS account "
+            f"{prowler_api_provider.uid}; falling back to all regions in "
+            f"partition {partition!r}"
+        )
+
+    excluded = set(getattr(prowler_sdk_provider, "_excluded_regions", None) or ())
+    return sorted(regions - excluded)
+
+
 def get_aioboto3_session(boto3_session: boto3.Session) -> aioboto3.Session:
     return aioboto3.Session(botocore_session=boto3_session._session)
 

api/src/backend/tasks/jobs/attack_paths/cleanup.py

@@ -18,28 +18,45 @@ logger = get_task_logger(__name__)
 
 def cleanup_stale_attack_paths_scans() -> dict:
     """
-    Find `EXECUTING` `AttackPathsScan` scans whose workers are dead or that have
-    exceeded the stale threshold, and mark them as `FAILED`.
+    Mark stale `AttackPathsScan` rows as `FAILED`.
 
-    Two-pass detection:
+    Covers two stuck-state scenarios:
+    1. `EXECUTING` scans whose workers are dead, or that have exceeded the
+       stale threshold while alive.
+    2. `SCHEDULED` scans that never made it to a worker — parent scan
+       crashed before dispatch, broker lost the message, etc. Detected by
+       age plus the parent `Scan` no longer being in flight.
+    """
+    threshold = timedelta(minutes=ATTACK_PATHS_SCAN_STALE_THRESHOLD_MINUTES)
+    now = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
+    cutoff = now - threshold
+
+    cleaned_up: list[str] = []
+    cleaned_up.extend(_cleanup_stale_executing_scans(cutoff))
+    cleaned_up.extend(_cleanup_stale_scheduled_scans(cutoff))
+
+    logger.info(
+        f"Stale `AttackPathsScan` cleanup: {len(cleaned_up)} scan(s) cleaned up"
+    )
+    return {"cleaned_up_count": len(cleaned_up), "scan_ids": cleaned_up}
+
+
+def _cleanup_stale_executing_scans(cutoff: datetime) -> list[str]:
+    """
+    Two-pass detection for `EXECUTING` scans:
     1. If `TaskResult.worker` exists, ping the worker.
        - Dead worker: cleanup immediately (any age).
        - Alive + past threshold: revoke the task, then cleanup.
        - Alive + within threshold: skip.
     2. If no worker field: fall back to time-based heuristic only.
     """
-    threshold = timedelta(minutes=ATTACK_PATHS_SCAN_STALE_THRESHOLD_MINUTES)
-    now = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
-    cutoff = now - threshold
-
-    executing_scans = (
+    executing_scans = list(
         AttackPathsScan.all_objects.using(MainRouter.admin_db)
         .filter(state=StateChoices.EXECUTING)
         .select_related("task__task_runner_task")
     )
 
     # Cache worker liveness so each worker is pinged at most once
-    executing_scans = list(executing_scans)
     workers = {
         tr.worker
         for scan in executing_scans
@@ -48,7 +65,7 @@ def cleanup_stale_attack_paths_scans() -> dict:
     }
     worker_alive = {w: _is_worker_alive(w) for w in workers}
 
-    cleaned_up = []
+    cleaned_up: list[str] = []
 
     for scan in executing_scans:
         task_result = (
@@ -65,9 +82,7 @@ def cleanup_stale_attack_paths_scans() -> dict:
 
                 # Alive but stale — revoke before cleanup
                 _revoke_task(task_result)
-                reason = (
-                    "Scan exceeded stale threshold — " "cleaned up by periodic task"
-                )
+                reason = "Scan exceeded stale threshold — cleaned up by periodic task"
             else:
                 reason = "Worker dead — cleaned up by periodic task"
         else:
@@ -82,10 +97,57 @@ def cleanup_stale_attack_paths_scans() -> dict:
         if _cleanup_scan(scan, task_result, reason):
             cleaned_up.append(str(scan.id))
 
-    logger.info(
-        f"Stale `AttackPathsScan` cleanup: {len(cleaned_up)} scan(s) cleaned up"
+    return cleaned_up
+
+
+def _cleanup_stale_scheduled_scans(cutoff: datetime) -> list[str]:
+    """
+    Cleanup `SCHEDULED` scans that never reached a worker.
+
+    Detection:
+    - `state == SCHEDULED`
+    - `started_at < cutoff`
+    - parent `Scan` is no longer in flight (terminal state or missing). This
+      avoids cleaning up rows whose parent Prowler scan is legitimately still
+      running.
+
+    For each match: revoke the queued task (best-effort; harmless if already
+    consumed), atomically flip to `FAILED`, and mark the `TaskResult`. The
+    temp Neo4j database is never created while `SCHEDULED`, so no drop is
+    needed.
+    """
+    scheduled_scans = list(
+        AttackPathsScan.all_objects.using(MainRouter.admin_db)
+        .filter(
+            state=StateChoices.SCHEDULED,
+            started_at__lt=cutoff,
+        )
+        .select_related("task__task_runner_task", "scan")
     )
-    return {"cleaned_up_count": len(cleaned_up), "scan_ids": cleaned_up}
+
+    cleaned_up: list[str] = []
+    parent_terminal = (
+        StateChoices.COMPLETED,
+        StateChoices.FAILED,
+        StateChoices.CANCELLED,
+    )
+
+    for scan in scheduled_scans:
+        parent_scan = scan.scan
+        if parent_scan is not None and parent_scan.state not in parent_terminal:
+            continue
+
+        task_result = (
+            getattr(scan.task, "task_runner_task", None) if scan.task else None
+        )
+        if task_result:
+            _revoke_task(task_result, terminate=False)
+
+        reason = "Scan never started — cleaned up by periodic task"
+        if _cleanup_scheduled_scan(scan, task_result, reason):
+            cleaned_up.append(str(scan.id))
+
+    return cleaned_up
 
 
 def _is_worker_alive(worker: str) -> bool:
@@ -98,12 +160,17 @@ def _is_worker_alive(worker: str) -> bool:
         return True
 
 
-def _revoke_task(task_result) -> None:
-    """Send `SIGTERM` to a hung Celery task. Non-fatal on failure."""
+def _revoke_task(task_result, terminate: bool = True) -> None:
+    """Revoke a Celery task. Non-fatal on failure.
+
+    `terminate=True` SIGTERMs the worker if the task is mid-execution; use
+    for EXECUTING cleanup. `terminate=False` only marks the task id revoked
+    across workers, so any worker pulling the queued message discards it;
+    use for SCHEDULED cleanup where the task hasn't run yet.
+    """
     try:
-        current_app.control.revoke(
-            task_result.task_id, terminate=True, signal="SIGTERM"
-        )
+        kwargs = {"terminate": True, "signal": "SIGTERM"} if terminate else {}
+        current_app.control.revoke(task_result.task_id, **kwargs)
         logger.info(f"Revoked task {task_result.task_id}")
     except Exception:
         logger.exception(f"Failed to revoke task {task_result.task_id}")
@@ -125,28 +192,64 @@ def _cleanup_scan(scan, task_result, reason: str) -> bool:
     except Exception:
         logger.exception(f"Failed to drop temp database {tmp_db_name}")
 
-    # 2. Lock row, verify still EXECUTING, mark FAILED — all atomic
-    with rls_transaction(str(scan.tenant_id)):
-        try:
-            fresh_scan = AttackPathsScan.objects.select_for_update().get(id=scan.id)
-        except AttackPathsScan.DoesNotExist:
-            logger.warning(f"Scan {scan_id_str} no longer exists, skipping")
-            return False
+    fresh_scan = _finalize_failed_scan(scan, StateChoices.EXECUTING, reason)
+    if fresh_scan is None:
+        return False
 
-        if fresh_scan.state != StateChoices.EXECUTING:
-            logger.info(f"Scan {scan_id_str} is now {fresh_scan.state}, skipping")
-            return False
-
-        _mark_scan_finished(fresh_scan, StateChoices.FAILED, {"global_error": reason})
-
-    # 3. Mark `TaskResult` as `FAILURE` (not RLS-protected, outside lock)
+    # Mark `TaskResult` as `FAILURE` (not RLS-protected, outside lock)
     if task_result:
         task_result.status = states.FAILURE
         task_result.date_done = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
         task_result.save(update_fields=["status", "date_done"])
 
-    # 4. Recover graph_data_ready if provider data still exists
     recover_graph_data_ready(fresh_scan)
 
     logger.info(f"Cleaned up stale scan {scan_id_str}: {reason}")
     return True
+
+
+def _cleanup_scheduled_scan(scan, task_result, reason: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Clean up a `SCHEDULED` scan that never reached a worker.
+
+    Skips the temp Neo4j drop — the database is only created once the worker
+    enters `EXECUTING`, so dropping it here just produces noisy log output.
+
+    Returns `True` if the scan was actually cleaned up, `False` if skipped.
+    """
+    scan_id_str = str(scan.id)
+
+    fresh_scan = _finalize_failed_scan(scan, StateChoices.SCHEDULED, reason)
+    if fresh_scan is None:
+        return False
+
+    if task_result:
+        task_result.status = states.FAILURE
+        task_result.date_done = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
+        task_result.save(update_fields=["status", "date_done"])
+
+    logger.info(f"Cleaned up scheduled scan {scan_id_str}: {reason}")
+    return True
+
+
+def _finalize_failed_scan(scan, expected_state: str, reason: str):
+    """
+    Atomically lock the row, verify it's still in `expected_state`, and
+    mark it `FAILED`. Returns the locked row on success, `None` if the
+    row is gone or has already moved on.
+    """
+    scan_id_str = str(scan.id)
+    with rls_transaction(str(scan.tenant_id)):
+        try:
+            fresh_scan = AttackPathsScan.objects.select_for_update().get(id=scan.id)
+        except AttackPathsScan.DoesNotExist:
+            logger.warning(f"Scan {scan_id_str} no longer exists, skipping")
+            return None
+
+        if fresh_scan.state != expected_state:
+            logger.info(f"Scan {scan_id_str} is now {fresh_scan.state}, skipping")
+            return None
+
+        _mark_scan_finished(fresh_scan, StateChoices.FAILED, {"global_error": reason})
+
+    return fresh_scan

api/src/backend/tasks/jobs/attack_paths/db_utils.py

@@ -67,25 +67,52 @@ def retrieve_attack_paths_scan(
         return None
 
 
+def set_attack_paths_scan_task_id(
+    tenant_id: str,
+    scan_pk: str,
+    task_id: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Persist the Celery `task_id` on the `AttackPathsScan` row.
+
+    Called at dispatch time (when `apply_async` returns) so the row carries
+    the task id even while still `SCHEDULED`. This lets the periodic
+    cleanup revoke queued messages for scans that never reached a worker.
+    """
+    with rls_transaction(tenant_id):
+        ProwlerAPIAttackPathsScan.objects.filter(id=scan_pk).update(task_id=task_id)
+
+
 def starting_attack_paths_scan(
     attack_paths_scan: ProwlerAPIAttackPathsScan,
-    task_id: str,
     cartography_config: CartographyConfig,
-) -> None:
-    with rls_transaction(attack_paths_scan.tenant_id):
-        attack_paths_scan.task_id = task_id
-        attack_paths_scan.state = StateChoices.EXECUTING
-        attack_paths_scan.started_at = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
-        attack_paths_scan.update_tag = cartography_config.update_tag
+) -> bool:
+    """Flip the row from `SCHEDULED` to `EXECUTING` atomically.
 
-        attack_paths_scan.save(
-            update_fields=[
-                "task_id",
-                "state",
-                "started_at",
-                "update_tag",
-            ]
-        )
+    Returns `False` if the row is gone or has already moved past
+    `SCHEDULED` (e.g., periodic cleanup raced ahead and marked it
+    `FAILED` while the worker message was still in flight).
+    """
+    with rls_transaction(attack_paths_scan.tenant_id):
+        try:
+            locked = ProwlerAPIAttackPathsScan.objects.select_for_update().get(
+                id=attack_paths_scan.id
+            )
+        except ProwlerAPIAttackPathsScan.DoesNotExist:
+            return False
+
+        if locked.state != StateChoices.SCHEDULED:
+            return False
+
+        locked.state = StateChoices.EXECUTING
+        locked.started_at = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
+        locked.update_tag = cartography_config.update_tag
+        locked.save(update_fields=["state", "started_at", "update_tag"])
+
+    # Keep the in-memory object the caller is holding in sync.
+    attack_paths_scan.state = locked.state
+    attack_paths_scan.started_at = locked.started_at
+    attack_paths_scan.update_tag = locked.update_tag
+    return True
 
 
 def _mark_scan_finished(

api/src/backend/tasks/jobs/attack_paths/scan.py

@@ -97,6 +97,19 @@ def run(tenant_id: str, scan_id: str, task_id: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     )
     attack_paths_scan = db_utils.retrieve_attack_paths_scan(tenant_id, scan_id)
 
+    # Idempotency guard: cleanup may have flipped this row to a terminal state
+    # while the message was still in flight. Bail out before touching state.
+    if attack_paths_scan and attack_paths_scan.state in (
+        StateChoices.FAILED,
+        StateChoices.COMPLETED,
+        StateChoices.CANCELLED,
+    ):
+        logger.warning(
+            f"Attack Paths scan {attack_paths_scan.id} already in terminal "
+            f"state {attack_paths_scan.state}; skipping execution"
+        )
+        return {}
+
     # Checks before starting the scan
     if not cartography_ingestion_function:
         ingestion_exceptions = {
@@ -114,12 +127,17 @@ def run(tenant_id: str, scan_id: str, task_id: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
 
     else:
         if not attack_paths_scan:
+            # Safety net for in-flight messages or direct task invocations; dispatcher normally pre-creates the row.
             logger.warning(
                 f"No Attack Paths Scan found for scan {scan_id} and tenant {tenant_id}, let's create it then"
             )
             attack_paths_scan = db_utils.create_attack_paths_scan(
                 tenant_id, scan_id, prowler_api_provider.id
             )
+            if attack_paths_scan and task_id:
+                db_utils.set_attack_paths_scan_task_id(
+                    tenant_id, attack_paths_scan.id, task_id
+                )
 
     tmp_database_name = graph_database.get_database_name(
         attack_paths_scan.id, temporary=True
@@ -141,9 +159,13 @@ def run(tenant_id: str, scan_id: str, task_id: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     )
 
     # Starting the Attack Paths scan
-    db_utils.starting_attack_paths_scan(
-        attack_paths_scan, task_id, tenant_cartography_config
-    )
+    if not db_utils.starting_attack_paths_scan(
+        attack_paths_scan, tenant_cartography_config
+    ):
+        logger.warning(
+            f"Attack Paths scan {attack_paths_scan.id} no longer in SCHEDULED state; cleanup likely raced ahead"
+        )
+        return {}
 
     scan_t0 = time.perf_counter()
     logger.info(

api/src/backend/tasks/jobs/scan.py

@@ -10,16 +10,29 @@ from typing import Any
 
 import sentry_sdk
 from celery.utils.log import get_task_logger
+from config.django.base import DJANGO_FINDINGS_BATCH_SIZE
 from config.env import env
 from config.settings.celery import CELERY_DEADLOCK_ATTEMPTS
 from django.db import IntegrityError, OperationalError
-from django.db.models import Case, Count, IntegerField, Max, Min, Prefetch, Q, Sum, When
+from django.db.models import (
+    Case,
+    Count,
+    Exists,
+    IntegerField,
+    Max,
+    Min,
+    OuterRef,
+    Prefetch,
+    Q,
+    Sum,
+    When,
+)
 from django.utils import timezone as django_timezone
 from tasks.jobs.queries import (
     COMPLIANCE_UPSERT_PROVIDER_SCORE_SQL,
     COMPLIANCE_UPSERT_TENANT_SUMMARY_SQL,
 )
-from tasks.utils import CustomEncoder
+from tasks.utils import CustomEncoder, batched
 
 from api.compliance import PROWLER_COMPLIANCE_OVERVIEW_TEMPLATE
 from api.constants import SEVERITY_ORDER
@@ -2069,3 +2082,169 @@ def aggregate_finding_group_summaries(tenant_id: str, scan_id: str):
         "created": created_count,
         "updated": updated_count,
     }
+
+
+def reset_ephemeral_resource_findings_count(tenant_id: str, scan_id: str) -> dict:
+    """Zero failed_findings_count for resources missing from a completed full-scope scan.
+
+    Resources that exist in the database for the scan's provider but were not
+    touched by this scan are treated as ephemeral. We keep their historical
+    findings, but reset the denormalized counter that drives the Resources page
+    sort so they stop ranking at the top.
+
+    Skipped (no-op) when:
+        - The scan is not in COMPLETED state.
+        - The scan ran with any scoping filter in scanner_args (partial scope).
+
+    Query design (must scale to 500k+ resources per provider):
+        Phase 1 — collect ephemeral IDs with one anti-join read.
+            Outer filter ``(tenant_id, provider_id, failed_findings_count > 0)``
+            uses ``resources_tenant_provider_idx``. The correlated
+            ``NOT EXISTS`` subquery hits the implicit unique index
+            ``(tenant_id, scan_id, resource_id)`` on ``ResourceScanSummary``.
+            ``NOT EXISTS`` (vs ``NOT IN``) is null-safe and lets the planner
+            choose between hash anti-join and indexed nested-loop anti-join.
+            ``.iterator(chunk_size=...)`` skips the queryset cache so memory
+            stays bounded while streaming UUIDs.
+        Phase 2 — UPDATE in fixed-size batches.
+            One large UPDATE would hold row-exclusive locks for seconds and
+            create a WAL spike. Batched UPDATEs by ``id__in`` (~1k rows each)
+            hit the primary key, keep each lock window ~50ms, bound WAL chunks,
+            and let other writers proceed between batches.
+            ``failed_findings_count__gt=0`` in the UPDATE is idempotent under
+            concurrent scans and skips no-op rewrites.
+        Reads use the primary DB, not the replica: ``ResourceScanSummary`` rows
+        were written by the same scan task that triggered this one, so replica
+        lag could falsely classify scanned resources as ephemeral.
+
+        Scope detection (``Scan.is_full_scope()``) derives the set of scoping
+        scanner_args from ``prowler.lib.scan.scan.Scan.__init__`` via
+        introspection, so the API can never drift from the SDK's filter
+        contract. Imported scans are also rejected by trigger — they may only
+        cover a partial slice of resources.
+    """
+    with rls_transaction(tenant_id):
+        scan = Scan.objects.filter(tenant_id=tenant_id, id=scan_id).first()
+
+    if scan is None:
+        logger.warning(f"Scan {scan_id} not found")
+        return {"status": "skipped", "reason": "scan not found"}
+
+    if scan.state != StateChoices.COMPLETED:
+        logger.info(f"Scan {scan_id} not completed; skipping ephemeral reset")
+        return {"status": "skipped", "reason": "scan not completed"}
+
+    if not scan.is_full_scope():
+        logger.info(
+            f"Scan {scan_id} ran with scoping filters; skipping ephemeral reset"
+        )
+        return {"status": "skipped", "reason": "partial scan scope"}
+
+    # Race protection: if a newer completed full-scope scan exists for this
+    # provider, our ResourceScanSummary set is stale relative to the resources'
+    # current failed_findings_count values (which the newer scan already
+    # refreshed). Wiping based on the older scan would zero counts the newer
+    # scan just set. Skip and let the newer scan's reset task do the work; if
+    # this task was delayed in the queue, that's the correct outcome.
+    # `completed_at__isnull=False` is required: Postgres orders NULL first in
+    # DESC, so a sibling COMPLETED scan with a missing completed_at would sort
+    # as "newest" and incorrectly cause us to skip.
+    with rls_transaction(tenant_id):
+        latest_full_scope_scan_id = (
+            Scan.objects.filter(
+                tenant_id=tenant_id,
+                provider_id=scan.provider_id,
+                state=StateChoices.COMPLETED,
+                completed_at__isnull=False,
+            )
+            .order_by("-completed_at", "-inserted_at")
+            .values_list("id", flat=True)
+            .first()
+        )
+    if latest_full_scope_scan_id != scan.id:
+        logger.info(
+            f"Scan {scan_id} is not the latest completed scan for provider "
+            f"{scan.provider_id}; skipping ephemeral reset"
+        )
+        return {"status": "skipped", "reason": "newer scan exists"}
+
+    # Defensive gate: ResourceScanSummary rows are written by perform_prowler_scan
+    # via best-effort bulk_create. If those writes failed silently (or the scan
+    # genuinely produced resources but no summaries were persisted), the
+    # ~Exists(in_scan) anti-join below would classify EVERY resource for this
+    # provider as ephemeral and zero their counts. Bail loudly instead.
+    with rls_transaction(tenant_id):
+        summaries_present = ResourceScanSummary.objects.filter(
+            tenant_id=tenant_id, scan_id=scan_id
+        ).exists()
+    if scan.unique_resource_count > 0 and not summaries_present:
+        logger.error(
+            f"Scan {scan_id} reports {scan.unique_resource_count} unique "
+            f"resources but no ResourceScanSummary rows are persisted; "
+            f"skipping ephemeral reset to avoid wiping valid counts"
+        )
+        return {"status": "skipped", "reason": "summaries missing"}
+
+    # Stays on the primary DB intentionally. ResourceScanSummary rows are
+    # written by perform_prowler_scan in the same chain that triggered this
+    # task, so replica lag could return an empty/partial summary set; a stale
+    # read here would classify every Resource as ephemeral and wipe valid
+    # failed_findings_count values on the primary. Same rationale as
+    # update_provider_compliance_scores below in this module.
+    # Materializing the ID list (rather than streaming the iterator into
+    # batched UPDATEs) is intentional: it lets the UPDATEs run in their own
+    # short rls_transactions instead of one long transaction holding row locks
+    # on every batch. At 500k UUIDs the peak memory is ~40 MB — acceptable for
+    # a Celery worker — and is the better trade-off versus a multi-second
+    # write-lock window blocking concurrent scans.
+    with rls_transaction(tenant_id):
+        in_scan = ResourceScanSummary.objects.filter(
+            tenant_id=tenant_id,
+            scan_id=scan_id,
+            resource_id=OuterRef("pk"),
+        )
+        ephemeral_ids = list(
+            Resource.objects.filter(
+                tenant_id=tenant_id,
+                provider_id=scan.provider_id,
+                failed_findings_count__gt=0,
+            )
+            .filter(~Exists(in_scan))
+            .values_list("id", flat=True)
+            .iterator(chunk_size=DJANGO_FINDINGS_BATCH_SIZE)
+        )
+
+    if not ephemeral_ids:
+        logger.info(f"No ephemeral resources for scan {scan_id}")
+        return {
+            "status": "completed",
+            "scan_id": str(scan_id),
+            "provider_id": str(scan.provider_id),
+            "reset": 0,
+        }
+
+    total_updated = 0
+    for batch, _ in batched(ephemeral_ids, DJANGO_FINDINGS_BATCH_SIZE):
+        # batched() always yields a final tuple, which is empty when the input
+        # length is an exact multiple of the batch size. Skip it so we don't
+        # issue a no-op UPDATE ... WHERE id IN ().
+        if not batch:
+            continue
+        with rls_transaction(tenant_id):
+            total_updated += Resource.objects.filter(
+                tenant_id=tenant_id,
+                id__in=batch,
+                failed_findings_count__gt=0,
+            ).update(failed_findings_count=0)
+
+    logger.info(
+        f"Ephemeral resource reset for scan {scan_id}: "
+        f"{total_updated} resources zeroed for provider {scan.provider_id}"
+    )
+
+    return {
+        "status": "completed",
+        "scan_id": str(scan_id),
+        "provider_id": str(scan.provider_id),
+        "reset": total_updated,
+    }

api/src/backend/tasks/tasks.py

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ from tasks.jobs.scan import (
     aggregate_findings,
     create_compliance_requirements,
     perform_prowler_scan,
+    reset_ephemeral_resource_findings_count,
     update_provider_compliance_scores,
 )
 from tasks.utils import (
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ from prowler.lib.check.compliance_models import Compliance
 from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.generic.generic import GenericCompliance
 from prowler.lib.outputs.finding import Finding as FindingOutput
 
+
 logger = get_task_logger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -158,6 +160,13 @@ def _perform_scan_complete_tasks(tenant_id: str, scan_id: str, provider_id: str)
             generate_outputs_task.si(
                 scan_id=scan_id, provider_id=provider_id, tenant_id=tenant_id
             ),
+            # post-scan task — runs in the parallel group so a
+            # failure cannot cascade into reports or integrations. Its only
+            # prerequisite is that perform_prowler_scan has committed
+            # ResourceScanSummary, which is true by the time this chain fires.
+            reset_ephemeral_resource_findings_count_task.si(
+                tenant_id=tenant_id, scan_id=scan_id
+            ),
         ),
         group(
             # Use optimized task that generates both reports with shared queries
@@ -173,10 +182,25 @@ def _perform_scan_complete_tasks(tenant_id: str, scan_id: str, provider_id: str)
     ).apply_async()
 
     if can_provider_run_attack_paths_scan(tenant_id, provider_id):
-        perform_attack_paths_scan_task.apply_async(
+        # Row is normally created upstream, so this is a safeguard so we can attach the task id below
+        attack_paths_scan = attack_paths_db_utils.retrieve_attack_paths_scan(
+            tenant_id, scan_id
+        )
+        if attack_paths_scan is None:
+            attack_paths_scan = attack_paths_db_utils.create_attack_paths_scan(
+                tenant_id, scan_id, provider_id
+            )
+
+        # Persist the Celery task id so the periodic cleanup can revoke scans stuck in SCHEDULED
+        result = perform_attack_paths_scan_task.apply_async(
             kwargs={"tenant_id": tenant_id, "scan_id": scan_id}
         )
 
+        if attack_paths_scan and result:
+            attack_paths_db_utils.set_attack_paths_scan_task_id(
+                tenant_id, attack_paths_scan.id, result.task_id
+            )
+
 
 @shared_task(base=RLSTask, name="provider-connection-check")
 @set_tenant
@@ -378,7 +402,8 @@ class AttackPathsScanRLSTask(RLSTask):
     SDK initialization, or Neo4j configuration errors during setup).
     """
 
-    def on_failure(self, exc, task_id, args, kwargs, _einfo):
+    def on_failure(self, exc, task_id, args, kwargs, _einfo):  # noqa: ARG002
+        del args  # Required by Celery's Task.on_failure signature; not used.
         tenant_id = kwargs.get("tenant_id")
         scan_id = kwargs.get("scan_id")
 
@@ -775,6 +800,32 @@ def aggregate_daily_severity_task(tenant_id: str, scan_id: str):
     return aggregate_daily_severity(tenant_id=tenant_id, scan_id=scan_id)
 
 
+@shared_task(name="scan-reset-ephemeral-resources", queue="overview")
+@handle_provider_deletion
+def reset_ephemeral_resource_findings_count_task(tenant_id: str, scan_id: str):
+    """Reset failed_findings_count for resources missing from a completed full-scope scan.
+
+    Failures are swallowed and returned as a status: this task lives inside the
+    post-scan group, and Celery propagates group-member exceptions into the next
+    chain step — meaning a crash here would block compliance reports and
+    integrations. The reset is purely cosmetic (UI sort optimization), so a
+    bad run is logged and absorbed rather than allowed to cascade.
+    """
+    try:
+        return reset_ephemeral_resource_findings_count(
+            tenant_id=tenant_id, scan_id=scan_id
+        )
+    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001 — intentionally broad
+        logger.exception(
+            f"reset_ephemeral_resource_findings_count failed for scan {scan_id}: {exc}"
+        )
+        return {
+            "status": "failed",
+            "scan_id": str(scan_id),
+            "reason": str(exc),
+        }
+
+
 @shared_task(base=RLSTask, name="scan-finding-group-summaries", queue="overview")
 @set_tenant(keep_tenant=True)
 @handle_provider_deletion

api/src/backend/tasks/tests/test_attack_paths_scan.py

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class TestAttackPathsRun:
         assert result == ingestion_result
         mock_retrieve_scan.assert_called_once_with(str(tenant.id), str(scan.id))
         mock_starting.assert_called_once()
-        config = mock_starting.call_args[0][2]
+        config = mock_starting.call_args[0][1]
         assert config.neo4j_database == "tenant-db"
         mock_get_db_name.assert_has_calls(
             [call(attack_paths_scan.id, temporary=True), call(provider.tenant_id)]
@@ -2732,3 +2732,143 @@ class TestCleanupStaleAttackPathsScans:
         assert result["cleaned_up_count"] == 2
         # Worker should be pinged exactly once — cache prevents second ping
         mock_alive.assert_called_once_with("shared-worker@host")
+
+    # `SCHEDULED` state cleanup
+    def _create_scheduled_scan(
+        self,
+        tenant,
+        provider,
+        *,
+        age_minutes,
+        parent_state,
+        with_task=True,
+    ):
+        """Create a SCHEDULED AttackPathsScan with a parent Scan in `parent_state`.
+
+        `age_minutes` controls how far in the past `started_at` is set, so
+        callers can place rows safely past the cleanup cutoff.
+        """
+        parent_scan = Scan.objects.create(
+            name="Parent Prowler scan",
+            provider=provider,
+            trigger=Scan.TriggerChoices.MANUAL,
+            state=parent_state,
+            tenant_id=tenant.id,
+        )
+
+        ap_scan = AttackPathsScan.objects.create(
+            tenant_id=tenant.id,
+            provider=provider,
+            scan=parent_scan,
+            state=StateChoices.SCHEDULED,
+            started_at=datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc) - timedelta(minutes=age_minutes),
+        )
+
+        task_result = None
+        if with_task:
+            task_result = TaskResult.objects.create(
+                task_id=str(ap_scan.id),
+                task_name="attack-paths-scan-perform",
+                status="PENDING",
+            )
+            task = Task.objects.create(
+                id=task_result.task_id,
+                task_runner_task=task_result,
+                tenant_id=tenant.id,
+            )
+            ap_scan.task = task
+            ap_scan.save(update_fields=["task_id"])
+
+        return ap_scan, task_result
+
+    @patch("tasks.jobs.attack_paths.cleanup.recover_graph_data_ready")
+    @patch("tasks.jobs.attack_paths.cleanup.graph_database.drop_database")
+    @patch(
+        "tasks.jobs.attack_paths.cleanup.rls_transaction",
+        new=lambda *args, **kwargs: nullcontext(),
+    )
+    @patch("tasks.jobs.attack_paths.cleanup._revoke_task")
+    def test_cleans_up_scheduled_scan_when_parent_is_terminal(
+        self,
+        mock_revoke,
+        mock_drop_db,
+        mock_recover,
+        tenants_fixture,
+        providers_fixture,
+    ):
+        from tasks.jobs.attack_paths.cleanup import cleanup_stale_attack_paths_scans
+
+        tenant = tenants_fixture[0]
+        provider = providers_fixture[0]
+        provider.provider = Provider.ProviderChoices.AWS
+        provider.save()
+
+        ap_scan, task_result = self._create_scheduled_scan(
+            tenant,
+            provider,
+            age_minutes=24 * 60 * 3,  # 3 days, safely past any threshold
+            parent_state=StateChoices.FAILED,
+        )
+
+        result = cleanup_stale_attack_paths_scans()
+
+        assert result["cleaned_up_count"] == 1
+        assert str(ap_scan.id) in result["scan_ids"]
+
+        ap_scan.refresh_from_db()
+        assert ap_scan.state == StateChoices.FAILED
+        assert ap_scan.progress == 100
+        assert ap_scan.completed_at is not None
+        assert ap_scan.ingestion_exceptions == {
+            "global_error": "Scan never started — cleaned up by periodic task"
+        }
+
+        # SCHEDULED revoke must NOT terminate a running worker
+        mock_revoke.assert_called_once()
+        assert mock_revoke.call_args.kwargs == {"terminate": False}
+
+        # Temp DB never created for SCHEDULED, so no drop attempted
+        mock_drop_db.assert_not_called()
+        # Tenant Neo4j data is untouched in this path
+        mock_recover.assert_not_called()
+
+        task_result.refresh_from_db()
+        assert task_result.status == "FAILURE"
+        assert task_result.date_done is not None
+
+    @patch("tasks.jobs.attack_paths.cleanup.recover_graph_data_ready")
+    @patch("tasks.jobs.attack_paths.cleanup.graph_database.drop_database")
+    @patch(
+        "tasks.jobs.attack_paths.cleanup.rls_transaction",
+        new=lambda *args, **kwargs: nullcontext(),
+    )
+    @patch("tasks.jobs.attack_paths.cleanup._revoke_task")
+    def test_skips_scheduled_scan_when_parent_still_in_flight(
+        self,
+        mock_revoke,
+        mock_drop_db,
+        mock_recover,
+        tenants_fixture,
+        providers_fixture,
+    ):
+        from tasks.jobs.attack_paths.cleanup import cleanup_stale_attack_paths_scans
+
+        tenant = tenants_fixture[0]
+        provider = providers_fixture[0]
+        provider.provider = Provider.ProviderChoices.AWS
+        provider.save()
+
+        ap_scan, _ = self._create_scheduled_scan(
+            tenant,
+            provider,
+            age_minutes=24 * 60 * 3,
+            parent_state=StateChoices.EXECUTING,
+        )
+
+        result = cleanup_stale_attack_paths_scans()
+
+        assert result["cleaned_up_count"] == 0
+
+        ap_scan.refresh_from_db()
+        assert ap_scan.state == StateChoices.SCHEDULED
+        mock_revoke.assert_not_called()

api/src/backend/tasks/tests/test_scan.py

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from tasks.jobs.scan import (
     aggregate_findings,
     create_compliance_requirements,
     perform_prowler_scan,
+    reset_ephemeral_resource_findings_count,
     update_provider_compliance_scores,
 )
 from tasks.utils import CustomEncoder
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ from api.models import (
     MuteRule,
     Provider,
     Resource,
+    ResourceScanSummary,
     Scan,
     ScanSummary,
     StateChoices,
@@ -4335,3 +4337,315 @@ class TestUpdateProviderComplianceScores:
         assert any("provider_compliance_scores" in c for c in calls)
         assert any("tenant_compliance_summaries" in c for c in calls)
         assert any("pg_advisory_xact_lock" in c for c in calls)
+
+
+class TestScanIsFullScope:
+    def _live_trigger(self):
+        return Scan.TriggerChoices.MANUAL
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "scanner_args",
+        [
+            {},
+            {"unrelated": "value"},
+            {"checks": None},
+            {"services": []},
+            {"severities": ""},
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_full_scope_when_no_filters_present(self, scanner_args):
+        scan = Scan(scanner_args=scanner_args, trigger=self._live_trigger())
+        assert scan.is_full_scope() is True
+
+    def test_full_scope_covers_every_sdk_kwarg(self):
+        # Lock the predicate to whatever ProwlerScan's __init__ exposes today.
+        # If the SDK adds a new filter, this test still passes via the
+        # introspection-driven derivation; if it adds a non-filter kwarg
+        # (e.g. provider-like), keep the exclusion list in sync in models.py.
+        from prowler.lib.scan.scan import Scan as ProwlerScan
+        import inspect
+
+        expected = tuple(
+            name
+            for name in inspect.signature(ProwlerScan.__init__).parameters
+            if name not in ("self", "provider")
+        )
+        assert Scan.get_scoping_scanner_arg_keys() == expected
+        # Spot-check a few well-known filters survive the introspection.
+        assert "checks" in expected
+        assert "services" in expected
+        assert "severities" in expected
+
+    def test_partial_scope_for_each_sdk_filter(self):
+        for key in Scan.get_scoping_scanner_arg_keys():
+            scan = Scan(scanner_args={key: ["x"]}, trigger=self._live_trigger())
+            assert scan.is_full_scope() is False, f"{key} should mark scan as partial"
+
+    def test_imported_scan_is_never_full_scope(self):
+        # Forward-defensive: any trigger outside LIVE_SCAN_TRIGGERS (e.g. a
+        # future "imported" trigger) must never qualify, even with empty args.
+        scan = Scan(scanner_args={}, trigger="imported")
+        assert scan.is_full_scope() is False
+
+    def test_handles_none_scanner_args(self):
+        scan = Scan(scanner_args=None, trigger=self._live_trigger())
+        assert scan.is_full_scope() is True
+
+
+@pytest.mark.django_db
+class TestResetEphemeralResourceFindingsCount:
+    def _make_scan_summary(self, tenant_id, scan_id, resource):
+        return ResourceScanSummary.objects.create(
+            tenant_id=tenant_id,
+            scan_id=scan_id,
+            resource_id=resource.id,
+            service=resource.service,
+            region=resource.region,
+            resource_type=resource.type,
+        )
+
+    def test_resets_only_resources_missing_from_full_scope_scan(
+        self, tenants_fixture, scans_fixture, providers_fixture, resources_fixture
+    ):
+        tenant, *_ = tenants_fixture
+        scan1, scan2, *_ = scans_fixture
+        resource1, resource2, resource3 = resources_fixture
+
+        Resource.objects.filter(id=resource1.id).update(failed_findings_count=3)
+        Resource.objects.filter(id=resource2.id).update(failed_findings_count=5)
+        Resource.objects.filter(id=resource3.id).update(failed_findings_count=7)
+
+        # Only resource1 was scanned in scan1; resource2 is ephemeral.
+        self._make_scan_summary(tenant.id, scan1.id, resource1)
+
+        result = reset_ephemeral_resource_findings_count(
+            tenant_id=str(tenant.id), scan_id=str(scan1.id)
+        )
+
+        assert result["status"] == "completed"
+        assert result["reset"] == 1
+
+        resource1.refresh_from_db()
+        resource2.refresh_from_db()
+        resource3.refresh_from_db()
+
+        assert resource1.failed_findings_count == 3
+        assert resource2.failed_findings_count == 0
+        # Other provider's resource is never touched.
+        assert resource3.failed_findings_count == 7
+
+    def test_skips_when_scan_not_completed(
+        self, tenants_fixture, scans_fixture, resources_fixture
+    ):
+        tenant, *_ = tenants_fixture
+        scan1, *_ = scans_fixture
+        resource1, resource2, _ = resources_fixture
+
+        Scan.objects.filter(id=scan1.id).update(state=StateChoices.EXECUTING)
+        Resource.objects.filter(id=resource2.id).update(failed_findings_count=5)
+
+        result = reset_ephemeral_resource_findings_count(
+            tenant_id=str(tenant.id), scan_id=str(scan1.id)
+        )
+
+        assert result["status"] == "skipped"
+        assert result["reason"] == "scan not completed"
+
+        resource2.refresh_from_db()
+        assert resource2.failed_findings_count == 5
+
+    def test_skips_when_scan_has_scoping_filters(
+        self, tenants_fixture, scans_fixture, resources_fixture
+    ):
+        tenant, *_ = tenants_fixture
+        scan1, *_ = scans_fixture
+        _, resource2, _ = resources_fixture
+
+        Scan.objects.filter(id=scan1.id).update(scanner_args={"checks": ["check1"]})
+        Resource.objects.filter(id=resource2.id).update(failed_findings_count=5)
+
+        result = reset_ephemeral_resource_findings_count(
+            tenant_id=str(tenant.id), scan_id=str(scan1.id)
+        )
+
+        assert result["status"] == "skipped"
+        assert result["reason"] == "partial scan scope"
+
+        resource2.refresh_from_db()
+        assert resource2.failed_findings_count == 5
+
+    def test_skips_when_scan_not_found(self, tenants_fixture):
+        tenant, *_ = tenants_fixture
+
+        result = reset_ephemeral_resource_findings_count(
+            tenant_id=str(tenant.id), scan_id=str(uuid.uuid4())
+        )
+
+        assert result["status"] == "skipped"
+        assert result["reason"] == "scan not found"
+
+    def test_skips_when_newer_scan_completed_for_same_provider(
+        self, tenants_fixture, scans_fixture, providers_fixture, resources_fixture
+    ):
+        # If a newer completed scan exists for the same provider, our
+        # ResourceScanSummary set is stale relative to the resources' current
+        # counts, and applying the diff would corrupt them.
+        from datetime import timedelta
+
+        tenant, *_ = tenants_fixture
+        scan1, *_ = scans_fixture
+        provider, *_ = providers_fixture
+        _, resource2, _ = resources_fixture
+
+        Resource.objects.filter(id=resource2.id).update(failed_findings_count=5)
+
+        # Create a newer COMPLETED scan for the same provider, with an
+        # explicit completed_at strictly after scan1's so ordering is
+        # deterministic regardless of clock resolution.
+        newer_completed_at = scan1.completed_at + timedelta(minutes=5)
+        Scan.objects.create(
+            name="Newer Scan",
+            provider=provider,
+            trigger=Scan.TriggerChoices.MANUAL,
+            state=StateChoices.COMPLETED,
+            tenant_id=tenant.id,
+            started_at=newer_completed_at,
+            completed_at=newer_completed_at,
+        )
+
+        result = reset_ephemeral_resource_findings_count(
+            tenant_id=str(tenant.id), scan_id=str(scan1.id)
+        )
+
+        assert result["status"] == "skipped"
+        assert result["reason"] == "newer scan exists"
+
+        resource2.refresh_from_db()
+        assert resource2.failed_findings_count == 5
+
+    def test_does_not_touch_other_providers_resources(
+        self, tenants_fixture, scans_fixture, providers_fixture, resources_fixture
+    ):
+        tenant, *_ = tenants_fixture
+        scan1, *_ = scans_fixture
+        _, _, resource3 = resources_fixture
+
+        # resource3 belongs to provider2 with failed_findings_count > 0 and is
+        # not in scan1's summary. It MUST NOT be reset.
+        Resource.objects.filter(id=resource3.id).update(failed_findings_count=9)
+
+        result = reset_ephemeral_resource_findings_count(
+            tenant_id=str(tenant.id), scan_id=str(scan1.id)
+        )
+
+        assert result["status"] == "completed"
+        assert result["reset"] == 0
+
+        resource3.refresh_from_db()
+        assert resource3.failed_findings_count == 9
+
+    def test_resources_already_zero_are_not_rewritten(
+        self, tenants_fixture, scans_fixture, resources_fixture
+    ):
+        tenant, *_ = tenants_fixture
+        scan1, *_ = scans_fixture
+        resource1, resource2, _ = resources_fixture
+
+        # Both resources already at 0, neither in summary -> nothing to update.
+        Resource.objects.filter(id=resource1.id).update(failed_findings_count=0)
+        Resource.objects.filter(id=resource2.id).update(failed_findings_count=0)
+
+        result = reset_ephemeral_resource_findings_count(
+            tenant_id=str(tenant.id), scan_id=str(scan1.id)
+        )
+
+        assert result["status"] == "completed"
+        assert result["reset"] == 0
+
+    def test_skips_when_summaries_missing_for_scan_with_resources(
+        self, tenants_fixture, scans_fixture, resources_fixture
+    ):
+        # Catastrophic guard: if a scan reports unique_resource_count > 0 but
+        # no ResourceScanSummary rows are persisted (e.g. bulk_create silently
+        # failed), the anti-join would classify EVERY resource as ephemeral
+        # and zero their counts. The gate must skip and preserve the data.
+        tenant, *_ = tenants_fixture
+        scan1, *_ = scans_fixture
+        resource1, resource2, _ = resources_fixture
+
+        Scan.objects.filter(id=scan1.id).update(unique_resource_count=10)
+        Resource.objects.filter(id=resource1.id).update(failed_findings_count=3)
+        Resource.objects.filter(id=resource2.id).update(failed_findings_count=5)
+
+        result = reset_ephemeral_resource_findings_count(
+            tenant_id=str(tenant.id), scan_id=str(scan1.id)
+        )
+
+        assert result["status"] == "skipped"
+        assert result["reason"] == "summaries missing"
+
+        resource1.refresh_from_db()
+        resource2.refresh_from_db()
+        assert resource1.failed_findings_count == 3
+        assert resource2.failed_findings_count == 5
+
+    def test_ignores_sibling_scan_with_null_completed_at(
+        self, tenants_fixture, scans_fixture, providers_fixture, resources_fixture
+    ):
+        # Postgres orders NULL first in DESC; a sibling COMPLETED scan with a
+        # missing completed_at must not be treated as the latest scan and
+        # cause us to incorrectly skip the reset.
+        tenant, *_ = tenants_fixture
+        scan1, *_ = scans_fixture
+        provider, *_ = providers_fixture
+        resource1, resource2, _ = resources_fixture
+
+        Resource.objects.filter(id=resource2.id).update(failed_findings_count=5)
+        self._make_scan_summary(tenant.id, scan1.id, resource1)
+
+        Scan.objects.create(
+            name="Ghost Scan",
+            provider=provider,
+            trigger=Scan.TriggerChoices.MANUAL,
+            state=StateChoices.COMPLETED,
+            tenant_id=tenant.id,
+            started_at=scan1.completed_at,
+            completed_at=None,
+        )
+
+        result = reset_ephemeral_resource_findings_count(
+            tenant_id=str(tenant.id), scan_id=str(scan1.id)
+        )
+
+        assert result["status"] == "completed"
+        assert result["reset"] == 1
+
+        resource2.refresh_from_db()
+        assert resource2.failed_findings_count == 0
+
+    def test_batches_updates_when_many_ephemeral_resources(
+        self, tenants_fixture, scans_fixture, resources_fixture
+    ):
+        # Forces multiple batches to confirm the chunked UPDATE path executes
+        # cleanly and the count is the sum across batches.
+        tenant, *_ = tenants_fixture
+        scan1, *_ = scans_fixture
+        resource1, resource2, _ = resources_fixture
+
+        Resource.objects.filter(id=resource1.id).update(failed_findings_count=2)
+        Resource.objects.filter(id=resource2.id).update(failed_findings_count=4)
+
+        # No ResourceScanSummary -> both resource1 and resource2 are ephemeral.
+        # Force a 1-row batch via the shared findings batch size knob.
+        with patch("tasks.jobs.scan.DJANGO_FINDINGS_BATCH_SIZE", 1):
+            result = reset_ephemeral_resource_findings_count(
+                tenant_id=str(tenant.id), scan_id=str(scan1.id)
+            )
+
+        assert result["status"] == "completed"
+        assert result["reset"] == 2
+
+        resource1.refresh_from_db()
+        resource2.refresh_from_db()
+        assert resource1.failed_findings_count == 0
+        assert resource2.failed_findings_count == 0

api/src/backend/tasks/tests/test_tasks.py

@@ -842,6 +842,72 @@ class TestScanCompleteTasks:
         # Attack Paths task should be skipped when provider cannot run it
         mock_attack_paths_task.assert_not_called()
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "row_pre_existing",
+        [True, False],
+        ids=["row-pre-existing", "row-missing-fallback"],
+    )
+    @patch("tasks.tasks.aggregate_attack_surface_task.apply_async")
+    @patch("tasks.tasks.chain")
+    @patch("tasks.tasks.create_compliance_requirements_task.si")
+    @patch("tasks.tasks.update_provider_compliance_scores_task.si")
+    @patch("tasks.tasks.perform_scan_summary_task.si")
+    @patch("tasks.tasks.generate_outputs_task.si")
+    @patch("tasks.tasks.generate_compliance_reports_task.si")
+    @patch("tasks.tasks.check_integrations_task.si")
+    @patch("tasks.tasks.attack_paths_db_utils.set_attack_paths_scan_task_id")
+    @patch("tasks.tasks.attack_paths_db_utils.create_attack_paths_scan")
+    @patch("tasks.tasks.attack_paths_db_utils.retrieve_attack_paths_scan")
+    @patch("tasks.tasks.perform_attack_paths_scan_task.apply_async")
+    @patch("tasks.tasks.can_provider_run_attack_paths_scan", return_value=True)
+    def test_scan_complete_dispatches_attack_paths_scan(
+        self,
+        _mock_can_run_attack_paths,
+        mock_attack_paths_task,
+        mock_retrieve,
+        mock_create,
+        mock_set_task_id,
+        mock_check_integrations_task,
+        mock_compliance_reports_task,
+        mock_outputs_task,
+        mock_scan_summary_task,
+        mock_update_compliance_scores_task,
+        mock_compliance_requirements_task,
+        mock_chain,
+        mock_attack_surface_task,
+        row_pre_existing,
+    ):
+        """When a provider can run Attack Paths, dispatch must:
+        1. Reuse the existing row or create one if missing.
+        2. Call apply_async on the Attack Paths task.
+        3. Persist the returned Celery task id on the row.
+        """
+        existing_row = MagicMock(id="ap-scan-id")
+        if row_pre_existing:
+            mock_retrieve.return_value = existing_row
+        else:
+            mock_retrieve.return_value = None
+            mock_create.return_value = existing_row
+
+        async_result = MagicMock(task_id="celery-task-id")
+        mock_attack_paths_task.return_value = async_result
+
+        _perform_scan_complete_tasks("tenant-id", "scan-id", "provider-id")
+
+        mock_retrieve.assert_called_once_with("tenant-id", "scan-id")
+        if row_pre_existing:
+            mock_create.assert_not_called()
+        else:
+            mock_create.assert_called_once_with("tenant-id", "scan-id", "provider-id")
+
+        mock_attack_paths_task.assert_called_once_with(
+            kwargs={"tenant_id": "tenant-id", "scan_id": "scan-id"}
+        )
+
+        mock_set_task_id.assert_called_once_with(
+            "tenant-id", "ap-scan-id", "celery-task-id"
+        )
+
 
 class TestAttackPathsTasks:
     @staticmethod

docs/developer-guide/check-metadata-guidelines.mdx

@@ -215,3 +215,6 @@ Also is important to keep all code examples as short as possible, including the
 | e5                      | M365 and Azure Entra checks enabled by or dependent on an E5 license (e.g., advanced threat protection, audit, DLP, and eDiscovery)                                                                    |
 | privilege-escalation    | Detects IAM policies or permissions that allow identities to elevate their privileges beyond their intended scope, potentially gaining administrator or higher-level access through specific action combinations |
 | ec2-imdsv1              | Identifies EC2 instances using Instance Metadata Service version 1 (IMDSv1), which is vulnerable to SSRF attacks and should be replaced with IMDSv2 for enhanced security                        |
+| vercel-hobby-plan       | Vercel checks whose audited feature is available on the Hobby plan (and therefore also on Pro and Enterprise plans)                                                                                   |
+| vercel-pro-plan         | Vercel checks whose audited feature requires a Pro plan or higher, including features also available on Enterprise or via supported paid add-ons for Pro plans                                        |
+| vercel-enterprise-plan  | Vercel checks whose audited feature requires the Enterprise plan                                                                                                                                    |

docs/developer-guide/checks.mdx

@@ -27,14 +27,28 @@ The most common high level steps to create a new check are:
 
 ### Naming Format for Checks
 
-Checks must be named following the format: `service_subservice_resource_action`.
+If you already know the check name when creating a request or implementing a check, use a descriptive identifier with lowercase letters and underscores only.
+
+Recommended patterns:
+
+- `<service>_<resource>_<best_practice>`
 
 The name components are:
 
-- `service` – The main service being audited (e.g., ec2, entra, iam, etc.)
-- `subservice` – An individual component or subset of functionality within the service that is being audited. This may correspond to a shortened version of the class attribute accessed within the check. If there is no subservice, just omit.
-- `resource` – The specific resource type being evaluated (e.g., instance, policy, role, etc.)
-- `action` – The security aspect or configuration being checked (e.g., public, encrypted, enabled, etc.)
+- `service` – The main service or product area being audited (e.g., ec2, entra, iam, bedrock).
+- `resource` – The resource, feature, or configuration being evaluated. It can be a single word or a compound phrase joined with underscores (e.g., instance, policy, guardrail, sensitive_information_filter).
+- `best_practice` – The expected secure state or best practice being checked (e.g., enabled, encrypted, restricted, configured, not_publicly_accessible).
+
+Additional guidance:
+
+- Use underscores only. Do not use hyphens.
+- Keep the name specific enough to describe the behavior of the check.
+- The first segment should match the service or product area whenever possible.
+
+Examples:
+
+- `s3_bucket_versioning_enabled`
+- `bedrock_guardrail_sensitive_information_filter_enabled`
 
 ### File Creation
 
@@ -387,7 +401,7 @@ Provides both code examples and best practice recommendations for addressing the
 
 #### Categories
 
-One or more functional groupings used for execution filtering (e.g., `internet-exposed`). You can define new categories just by adding to this field.
+One or more functional groupings used for execution filtering (e.g., `internet-exposed`). Categories must match the predefined values enforced by `CheckMetadata`; adding a new category requires updating the validator and the metadata documentation.
 
 For the complete list of available categories, see [Categories Guidelines](/developer-guide/check-metadata-guidelines#categories-guidelines).
 

docs/developer-guide/prowler-studio.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+---
+title: 'Prowler Studio'
+---
+
+**Prowler Studio is an AI workflow that ensures Claude Code follows Prowler's skills, guardrails, and best practices when creating new security checks.** What lands in the resulting pull request is consistent, tested, and ready for human review — not half-correct boilerplate that needs to be rewritten.
+
+<Info>
+**Contributor Tool**: Prowler Studio is a workflow for advanced contributors adding new Prowler security checks. It is not part of Prowler Cloud, Prowler App, or Prowler CLI.
+</Info>
+
+<Warning>
+**Preview Feature**: Prowler Studio is under active development and breaking changes are expected. Please report issues or share feedback on [GitHub](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler-studio/issues) or in the [Slack community](https://goto.prowler.com/slack).
+</Warning>
+
+<Card title="Prowler Studio Repository" icon="github" href="https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler-studio" horizontal>
+  Clone the source code, install Prowler Studio, and explore the agent workflow in detail.
+</Card>
+
+## The Problem
+
+Adding a new check to [Prowler](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler) is more than writing detection logic. A correct check has to:
+
+- Match Prowler's exact service and check folder structure and naming conventions
+- Wire up metadata, severity, remediation, tests, and compliance mappings
+- Mirror the patterns used by the hundreds of existing checks in the same provider
+- Actually load when Prowler scans for available checks — silent structural mistakes are easy to make
+
+Asking a general-purpose AI assistant to do this usually means guessing. It misses conventions, skips tests, or invents structure that looks right but does not load. The result is a half-correct PR that needs to be reviewed line by line or rewritten.
+
+## The Solution
+
+Prowler Studio enforces the workflow end-to-end. Describe the check once — a markdown ticket, a Jira issue, or a GitHub issue — and the workflow:
+
+1. **Loads Prowler-specific skills into every agent.** Every step starts with the same context an experienced Prowler engineer would have in mind. See [AI Skills System](/developer-guide/ai-skills) for how skills are structured.
+2. **Runs specialized agents in sequence.** Implementation → testing → compliance mapping → review → PR creation. Each agent has one job and a tight scope.
+3. **Verifies as it goes.** The check must load in Prowler. Tests must pass. If something fails, the agent fixes it and re-runs (up to a bounded number of attempts) before moving on.
+4. **Produces a complete pull request.** Branch, passing check, tests, compliance mappings, and a pull request waiting for human review.
+
+The result is a consistent starting point, every time, on every supported provider.
+
+## Quick Start
+
+### Install
+
+Prowler Studio requires [`uv`](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/getting-started/installation/) — see the official [installation guide](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/getting-started/installation/).
+
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler-studio
+cd prowler-studio
+uv sync
+source .venv/bin/activate
+```
+
+### Describe the Check
+
+A ticket is a structured markdown description of the check to create. It is the only input the workflow needs; every agent (implementation, testing, compliance mapping, review, PR creation) uses it as the source of truth, so the more concrete it is, the closer the first PR will land to the desired outcome.
+
+The ticket can be supplied in three ways:
+
+- **Local markdown file** → `--ticket path/to/ticket.md`
+- **Jira issue** → `--jira-url https://...` (uses the issue body)
+- **GitHub issue** → `--github-url https://...` (uses the issue body)
+
+The content should follow the **New Check Request** template:
+
+- The local copy at [`check_ticket_template.md`](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler-studio/blob/main/check_ticket_template.md) covers `--ticket` and Jira tickets.
+- A prefilled GitHub form is also available: [Create a New Check Request issue](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/issues/new?template=new-check-request.yml).
+
+Sections marked *Optional* can be skipped; everything else helps the agents make the right decisions.
+
+### Run the Workflow
+
+From a local markdown ticket:
+
+```bash
+prowler-studio --ticket check_ticket.md
+```
+
+From a Jira ticket:
+
+```bash
+prowler-studio --jira-url https://mycompany.atlassian.net/browse/PROJ-123
+```
+
+From a GitHub issue:
+
+```bash
+prowler-studio --github-url https://github.com/owner/repo/issues/123
+```
+
+<Note>
+Provide exactly one of `--ticket`, `--jira-url`, or `--github-url`.
+</Note>
+
+Keep changes local (no push, no pull request):
+
+```bash
+prowler-studio -b feat/my-check --ticket check_ticket.md --local
+```
+
+### What You Get
+
+After a successful run the working environment contains:
+
+- A new branch on a clean Prowler worktree containing the check, metadata, tests, and compliance mappings
+- A pull request opened against Prowler (skipped with `--local`)
+- A timestamped log file under `logs/` capturing every step the agents took
+
+## CLI Options
+
+| Option | Short | Description |
+|--------|-------|-------------|
+| `--branch` | `-b` | Branch name (default: `feat/<ticket>-<check_name>` or `feat/<check_name>`) |
+| `--ticket` | `-t` | Path to a markdown check ticket file |
+| `--jira-url` | `-j` | Jira ticket URL (e.g., `https://mycompany.atlassian.net/browse/PROJ-123`) |
+| `--github-url` | `-g` | GitHub issue URL (e.g., `https://github.com/owner/repo/issues/123`) |
+| `--working-dir` | `-w` | Working directory for the Prowler clone (default: `./working`) |
+| `--no-worktree` |  | Legacy mode — work directly on the main clone instead of using worktrees |
+| `--cleanup-worktree` |  | Remove the worktree after a successful pull request is created |
+| `--local` |  | Keep changes local — skip push and pull request creation |
+
+## Configuration
+
+Set these environment variables depending on the input source:
+
+| Variable | When Needed | Purpose |
+|----------|-------------|---------|
+| `GITHUB_TOKEN` | `--github-url` (recommended) | Higher GitHub API rate limits and access to private issues |
+| `JIRA_SITE_URL` | `--jira-url` | Jira site, e.g. `https://mycompany.atlassian.net` |
+| `JIRA_EMAIL` | `--jira-url` | Email of the Jira account used to fetch the ticket |
+| `JIRA_API_TOKEN` | `--jira-url` | API token for the Jira account |

docs/docs.json

@@ -365,7 +365,8 @@
               "developer-guide/security-compliance-framework",
               "developer-guide/lighthouse-architecture",
               "developer-guide/mcp-server",
-              "developer-guide/ai-skills"
+              "developer-guide/ai-skills",
+              "developer-guide/prowler-studio"
             ]
           },
           {

docs/getting-started/installation/prowler-app.mdx

@@ -121,8 +121,8 @@ To update the environment file:
 Edit the `.env` file and change version values:
 
 ```env
-PROWLER_UI_VERSION="5.25.0"
-PROWLER_API_VERSION="5.25.0"
+PROWLER_UI_VERSION="5.25.2"
+PROWLER_API_VERSION="5.25.2"
 ```
 
 <Note>

docs/troubleshooting.mdx

@@ -159,6 +159,40 @@ When these environment variables are set, the API will use them directly instead
 A fix addressing this permission issue is being evaluated in [PR #9953](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/9953).
 </Note>
 
+### Scan Stuck in Executing State After Worker Crash
+
+When running Prowler App via Docker Compose, a scan may remain indefinitely in the `executing` state if the worker process crashes (for example, due to an Out of Memory condition) before it can update the scan status. Since it is not currently possible to cancel a scan in `executing` state through the UI, the workaround is to manually update the scan record in the database.
+
+**Root Cause:**
+
+The Celery worker process terminates unexpectedly (OOM, node failure, etc.) before transitioning the scan state to `completed` or `failed`. The scan record remains in `executing` with no active process to advance it.
+
+**Solution:**
+
+Connect to the database using the `prowler_admin` user. Due to Row-Level Security (RLS), the default database user cannot see scan records — you must use `prowler_admin`:
+
+```bash
+psql -U prowler_admin -d prowler_db
+```
+
+Identify the stuck scan by filtering for scans in `executing` state:
+
+```sql
+SELECT id, name, state, started_at FROM scans WHERE state = 'executing';
+```
+
+Update the scan state to `failed` using the scan ID:
+
+```sql
+UPDATE scans SET state = 'failed' WHERE id = '<scan-id>';
+```
+
+After this change, the scan will appear as failed in the UI and you can launch a new scan.
+
+<Note>
+A feature to cancel executing scans directly from the UI is being tracked in [GitHub Issue #6893](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/issues/6893).
+</Note>
+
 ### SAML/OAuth ACS URL Incorrect When Running Behind a Proxy or Load Balancer
 
 See [GitHub Issue #9724](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/issues/9724) for more details.

docs/user-guide/cli/tutorials/prowler-check-kreator.mdx

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
----
-title: 'Prowler Check Kreator'
----
-
-<Note>
-Currently, this tool is only available for creating checks for the AWS provider.
-
-</Note>
-<Note>
-If you are looking for a way to create new checks for all the supported providers, you can use [Prowler Studio](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler-studio), it is an AI-powered toolkit for generating and managing security checks for Prowler (better version of the Check Kreator).
-
-</Note>
-## Introduction
-
-**Prowler Check Kreator** is a utility designed to streamline the creation of new checks for Prowler. This tool generates all necessary files required to add a new check to the Prowler repository. Specifically, it creates:
-
-- A dedicated folder for the check.
-- The main check script.
-- A metadata file with essential details.
-- A folder and file structure for testing the check.
-
-## Usage
-
-To use the tool, execute the main script with the following command:
-
-```bash
-python util/prowler_check_kreator/prowler_check_kreator.py <prowler_provider> <check_name>
-```
-
-Parameters:
-
-- `<prowler_provider>`: Currently only AWS is supported.
-- `<check_name>`: The name you wish to assign to the new check.
-
-## AI integration
-
-This tool optionally integrates AI to assist in generating the check code and metadata file content. When AI assistance is chosen, the tool uses [Gemini](https://gemini.google.com/) to produce preliminary code and metadata.
-
-<Note>
-For this feature to work, you must have the library `google-generativeai` installed in your Python environment.
-
-</Note>
-<Warning>
-AI-generated code and metadata might contain errors or require adjustments to align with specific Prowler requirements. Carefully review all AI-generated content before committing.
-
-</Warning>
-To enable AI assistance, simply confirm when prompted by the tool. Additionally, ensure that the `GEMINI_API_KEY` environment variable is set with a valid Gemini API key. For instructions on obtaining your API key, refer to the [Gemini documentation](https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/api-key).

docs/user-guide/providers/vercel/getting-started-vercel.mdx

@@ -160,3 +160,25 @@ Prowler for Vercel includes security checks across the following services:
 | **Project** | Deployment protection, environment variable security, fork protection, and skew protection |
 | **Security** | Web Application Firewall (WAF), rate limiting, IP blocking, and managed rulesets |
 | **Team** | SSO enforcement, directory sync, member access, and invitation hygiene |
+
+## Checks With Explicit Plan-Based Behavior
+
+Prowler currently includes 26 Vercel checks. The 11 checks below have explicit billing-plan handling in the provider metadata or check logic. When the scanned scope reports a billing plan, Prowler adds plan-aware context to findings for these checks. If the API does not expose the required configuration, Prowler may return `MANUAL` and require verification in the Vercel dashboard.
+
+| Check ID | Hobby | Pro | Enterprise | Notes |
+|----------|-------|-----|------------|-------|
+| `project_password_protection_enabled` | Not available | Available as a paid add-on | Available | Checks password protection for deployments |
+| `project_production_deployment_protection_enabled` | Not available | Available with supported paid deployment protection options | Available | Checks protection for production deployments |
+| `project_skew_protection_enabled` | Not available | Available | Available | Checks skew protection during rollouts |
+| `security_custom_rules_configured` | Not available | Available | Available | Returns `MANUAL` when the firewall configuration cannot be assessed from the API |
+| `security_ip_blocking_rules_configured` | Not available | Available | Available | Returns `MANUAL` when the firewall configuration cannot be assessed from the API |
+| `team_saml_sso_enabled` | Not available | Available | Available | Checks team SAML SSO configuration |
+| `team_saml_sso_enforced` | Not available | Available | Available | Checks SAML SSO enforcement for all team members |
+| `team_directory_sync_enabled` | Not available | Not available | Available | Checks SCIM directory sync |
+| `security_managed_rulesets_enabled` | Bot Protection and AI Bots managed rulesets | Bot Protection and AI Bots managed rulesets | All managed rulesets, including OWASP Core Ruleset | Returns `MANUAL` when the firewall configuration cannot be assessed from the API |
+| `security_rate_limiting_configured` | Not available | Available | Available | Returns `MANUAL` when the firewall configuration cannot be assessed from the API |
+| `security_waf_enabled` | Not available | Available | Available | Returns `MANUAL` when the firewall configuration cannot be assessed from the API |
+
+<Note>
+The five firewall-related checks (`security_waf_enabled`, `security_custom_rules_configured`, `security_ip_blocking_rules_configured`, `security_rate_limiting_configured`, and `security_managed_rulesets_enabled`) return `MANUAL` when the firewall configuration endpoint is not accessible from the API. The other 15 current Vercel checks do not currently include plan-specific handling in provider logic, but every Vercel check includes exactly one billing-plan metadata category (`vercel-hobby-plan`, `vercel-pro-plan`, or `vercel-enterprise-plan`) alongside its functional security category.
+</Note>

docs/user-guide/tutorials/prowler-app-rbac.mdx

@@ -227,6 +227,7 @@ Assign administrative permissions by selecting from the following options:
 | Manage Integrations | All | Add or modify the Prowler Integrations. |
 | Manage Ingestions | Prowler Cloud | Allow or deny the ability to submit findings ingestion batches via the API. |
 | Manage Billing | Prowler Cloud | Access and manage billing settings and subscription information. |
+| Manage Alerts | Prowler Cloud | Create, edit, and delete alert rules and recipients. |
 
 <Note>
 The **Scope** column indicates where each permission applies. **All** means the permission is available in both Prowler Cloud and Self-Managed deployments. **Prowler Cloud** indicates permissions that are specific to [Prowler Cloud](https://cloud.prowler.com/sign-in).
@@ -241,3 +242,5 @@ The following permissions are available exclusively in **Prowler Cloud**:
 **Manage Ingestions:** Submit and manage findings ingestion jobs via the API. Required to upload OCSF scan results using the `--push-to-cloud` CLI flag or the ingestion endpoints. See [Import Findings](/user-guide/tutorials/prowler-app-import-findings) for details.
 
 **Manage Billing:** Access and manage billing settings, subscription plans, and payment methods.
+
+**Manage Alerts:** Create, edit, and delete alert rules and recipients used to deliver scan-result digests via email.

docs/user-guide/tutorials/prowler-check-kreator.mdx

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
----
-title: 'Prowler Check Kreator'
----
-
-<Note>
-Currently, this tool is only available for creating checks for the AWS provider.
-
-</Note>
-
-<Note>
-If you are looking for a way to create new checks for all the supported providers, you can use [Prowler Studio](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler-studio), it is an AI-powered toolkit for generating and managing security checks for Prowler (better version of the Check Kreator).
-
-</Note>
-
-## Introduction
-
-**Prowler Check Kreator** is a utility designed to streamline the creation of new checks for Prowler. This tool generates all necessary files required to add a new check to the Prowler repository. Specifically, it creates:
-
-- A dedicated folder for the check.
-- The main check script.
-- A metadata file with essential details.
-- A folder and file structure for testing the check.
-
-## Usage
-
-To use the tool, execute the main script with the following command:
-
-```bash
-python util/prowler_check_kreator/prowler_check_kreator.py <prowler_provider> <check_name>
-```
-
-Parameters:
-
-- `<prowler_provider>`: Currently only AWS is supported.
-- `<check_name>`: The name you wish to assign to the new check.
-
-## AI integration
-
-This tool optionally integrates AI to assist in generating the check code and metadata file content. When AI assistance is chosen, the tool uses [Gemini](https://gemini.google.com/) to produce preliminary code and metadata.
-
-<Note>
-For this feature to work, you must have the library `google-generativeai` installed in your Python environment.
-
-</Note>
-
-<Warning>
-AI-generated code and metadata might contain errors or require adjustments to align with specific Prowler requirements. Carefully review all AI-generated content before committing.
-
-</Warning>
-
-To enable AI assistance, simply confirm when prompted by the tool. Additionally, ensure that the `GEMINI_API_KEY` environment variable is set with a valid Gemini API key. For instructions on obtaining your API key, refer to the [Gemini documentation](https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/api-key).

prowler/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -7,10 +7,38 @@ All notable changes to the **Prowler SDK** are documented in this file.
 ### 🚀 Added
 
 - `bedrock_guardrails_configured` check for AWS provider [(#10844)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10844)
+- Universal compliance pipeline integrated into the CLI: `--list-compliance` and `--list-compliance-requirements` show universal frameworks, and CSV plus OCSF outputs are generated for any framework declaring a `TableConfig` [(#10301)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10301)
+- ASD Essential Eight Maturity Model compliance framework for AWS (Maturity Level One, Nov 2023) [(#10808)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10808)
+- Update Vercel checks to return personalized finding status extended depending on billing plan and classify them with billing-plan categories [(#10663)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10663)
+- `bedrock_prompt_management_exists` check for AWS provider [(#10878)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10878)
 
 ### 🔄 Changed
 
 - Azure Network Watcher flow log checks now require workspace-backed Traffic Analytics for `network_flow_log_captured_sent` and align metadata with VNet-compatible flow log guidance [(#10645)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10645)
+- Azure compliance entries for legacy Network Watcher flow log controls now use retirement-aware guidance and point new deployments to VNet flow logs [(#10937)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10937)
+- AWS CodeBuild service now batches `BatchGetProjects` and `BatchGetBuilds` calls per region (up to 100 items per call) to reduce API call volume and prevent throttling-induced false positives in `codebuild_project_not_publicly_accessible` [(#10639)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10639)
+- `display_compliance_table` dispatch switched from substring `in` checks to `startswith` to prevent false matches between similarly named frameworks (e.g. `cisa` vs `cis`) [(#10301)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10301)
+
+### 🐞 Fixed
+
+- AWS SDK test isolation: autouse `mock_aws` fixture and leak detector in `conftest.py` to prevent tests from hitting real AWS endpoints, with idempotent organization setup for tests calling `set_mocked_aws_provider` multiple times [(#10605)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10605)
+- AWS `boto` user agent extra is now applied to every client [(#10944)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10944)
+- Image provider connection check no longer fails with a misleading `host='https'` resolution error when the registry URL includes an `http://` or `https://` scheme prefix [(#10950)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10950)
+
+### 🔐 Security
+
+- Parser-mismatch SSRF in image provider registry auth where crafted bearer-token realms and pagination links could force requests to internal addresses and leak credentials cross-origin [(#10945)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10945)
+
+---
+
+## [5.25.2] (Prowler v5.25.2)
+
+### 🐞 Fixed
+
+- `route53_dangling_ip_subdomain_takeover` now also flags `CNAME` records pointing to S3 website endpoints whose buckets are missing from the account [(#10920)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10920)
+- Duplicate Kubernetes RBAC findings when the same User or Group subject appeared in multiple ClusterRoleBindings [(#10242)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10242)
+- Match K8s RBAC rules by `apiGroup` [(#10969)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10969)
+- Return a compact actor name from CloudTrail `userIdentity` events [(#10986)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10986)
 
 ---
 
@@ -19,6 +47,7 @@ All notable changes to the **Prowler SDK** are documented in this file.
 ### 🐞 Fixed
 
 - `KeyError` when generating compliance outputs after the CLI scan [#10919](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10919)
+- Kubernetes OCSF `provider_uid` now uses the cluster name in in-cluster mode (so `--cluster-name` is correctly reflected in findings) and keeps the kubeconfig context in kubeconfig mode [(#10483)](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/pull/10483)
 
 ---
 

prowler/__main__.py

@@ -45,7 +45,10 @@ from prowler.lib.check.check import (
 )
 from prowler.lib.check.checks_loader import load_checks_to_execute
 from prowler.lib.check.compliance import update_checks_metadata_with_compliance
-from prowler.lib.check.compliance_models import Compliance
+from prowler.lib.check.compliance_models import (
+    Compliance,
+    get_bulk_compliance_frameworks_universal,
+)
 from prowler.lib.check.custom_checks_metadata import (
     parse_custom_checks_metadata_file,
     update_checks_metadata,
@@ -75,7 +78,10 @@ from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.cis.cis_oraclecloud import OracleCloudCIS
 from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.cisa_scuba.cisa_scuba_googleworkspace import (
     GoogleWorkspaceCISASCuBA,
 )
-from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.compliance import display_compliance_table
+from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.compliance import (
+    display_compliance_table,
+    process_universal_compliance_frameworks,
+)
 from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.csa.csa_alibabacloud import AlibabaCloudCSA
 from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.csa.csa_aws import AWSCSA
 from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.csa.csa_azure import AzureCSA
@@ -84,6 +90,9 @@ from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.csa.csa_oraclecloud import OracleCloudCSA
 from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.ens.ens_aws import AWSENS
 from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.ens.ens_azure import AzureENS
 from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.ens.ens_gcp import GCPENS
+from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.essential_eight.essential_eight_aws import (
+    EssentialEightAWS,
+)
 from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.generic.generic import GenericCompliance
 from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.iso27001.iso27001_aws import AWSISO27001
 from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.iso27001.iso27001_azure import AzureISO27001
@@ -235,6 +244,8 @@ def prowler():
     # Load compliance frameworks
     logger.debug("Loading compliance frameworks from .json files")
 
+    universal_frameworks = {}
+
     # Skip compliance frameworks for external-tool providers
     if provider not in EXTERNAL_TOOL_PROVIDERS:
         bulk_compliance_frameworks = Compliance.get_bulk(provider)
@@ -242,6 +253,8 @@ def prowler():
         bulk_checks_metadata = update_checks_metadata_with_compliance(
             bulk_compliance_frameworks, bulk_checks_metadata
         )
+        # Load universal compliance frameworks for new rendering pipeline
+        universal_frameworks = get_bulk_compliance_frameworks_universal(provider)
 
     # Update checks metadata if the --custom-checks-metadata-file is present
     custom_checks_metadata = None
@@ -254,12 +267,12 @@ def prowler():
         )
 
     if args.list_compliance:
-        print_compliance_frameworks(bulk_compliance_frameworks)
+        all_frameworks = {**bulk_compliance_frameworks, **universal_frameworks}
+        print_compliance_frameworks(all_frameworks)
         sys.exit()
     if args.list_compliance_requirements:
-        print_compliance_requirements(
-            bulk_compliance_frameworks, args.list_compliance_requirements
-        )
+        all_frameworks = {**bulk_compliance_frameworks, **universal_frameworks}
+        print_compliance_requirements(all_frameworks, args.list_compliance_requirements)
         sys.exit()
 
     # Load checks to execute
@@ -276,6 +289,7 @@ def prowler():
         provider=provider,
         list_checks=getattr(args, "list_checks", False)
         or getattr(args, "list_checks_json", False),
+        universal_frameworks=universal_frameworks,
     )
 
     # if --list-checks-json, dump a json file and exit
@@ -624,15 +638,29 @@ def prowler():
                 )
 
     # Compliance Frameworks
-    # Source the framework listing from `bulk_compliance_frameworks.keys()`
-    # so it is by construction a subset of what the bulk loader can resolve.
-    # `get_available_compliance_frameworks(provider)` also discovers top-level
-    # multi-provider universal JSONs (e.g. `prowler/compliance/csa_ccm_4.0.json`)
-    # which `Compliance.get_bulk(provider)` does not load, and which the legacy
-    # output handlers below cannot consume — using it as the source produced
+    # Source the framework listing from the union of `bulk_compliance_frameworks`
+    # and `universal_frameworks` so universal-only frameworks (e.g.
+    # `prowler/compliance/csa_ccm_4.0.json`) — which `Compliance.get_bulk(provider)`
+    # does not load — still reach `process_universal_compliance_frameworks` below.
+    # The provider-specific block subtracts the names handled by the universal
+    # processor so the legacy per-provider handlers only see frameworks that the
+    # bulk loader actually resolved.
     input_compliance_frameworks = set(output_options.output_modes).intersection(
-        bulk_compliance_frameworks.keys()
+        set(bulk_compliance_frameworks.keys()) | set(universal_frameworks.keys())
     )
+
+    # ── Universal compliance frameworks (provider-agnostic) ──
+    universal_processed = process_universal_compliance_frameworks(
+        input_compliance_frameworks=input_compliance_frameworks,
+        universal_frameworks=universal_frameworks,
+        finding_outputs=finding_outputs,
+        output_directory=output_options.output_directory,
+        output_filename=output_options.output_filename,
+        provider=provider,
+        generated_outputs=generated_outputs,
+    )
+    input_compliance_frameworks -= universal_processed
+
     if provider == "aws":
         for compliance_name in input_compliance_frameworks:
             if compliance_name.startswith("cis_"):
@@ -648,6 +676,18 @@ def prowler():
                 )
                 generated_outputs["compliance"].append(cis)
                 cis.batch_write_data_to_file()
+            elif compliance_name.startswith("essential_eight"):
+                filename = (
+                    f"{output_options.output_directory}/compliance/"
+                    f"{output_options.output_filename}_{compliance_name}.csv"
+                )
+                essential_eight = EssentialEightAWS(
+                    findings=finding_outputs,
+                    compliance=bulk_compliance_frameworks[compliance_name],
+                    file_path=filename,
+                )
+                generated_outputs["compliance"].append(essential_eight)
+                essential_eight.batch_write_data_to_file()
             elif compliance_name == "mitre_attack_aws":
                 # Generate MITRE ATT&CK Finding Object
                 filename = (
@@ -1402,6 +1442,9 @@ def prowler():
                     output_options.output_filename,
                     output_options.output_directory,
                     compliance_overview,
+                    universal_frameworks=universal_frameworks,
+                    provider=provider,
+                    output_formats=args.output_formats,
                 )
             if compliance_overview:
                 print(

prowler/compliance/aws/kisa_isms_p_2023_aws.json

@@ -2897,6 +2897,7 @@
         "bedrock_guardrails_configured",
         "bedrock_model_invocation_logging_enabled",
         "bedrock_model_invocation_logs_encryption_enabled",
+        "bedrock_prompt_management_exists",
         "cloudformation_stack_outputs_find_secrets",
         "cloudfront_distributions_custom_ssl_certificate",
         "cloudfront_distributions_default_root_object",

prowler/compliance/aws/kisa_isms_p_2023_korean_aws.json

@@ -2901,6 +2901,7 @@
         "bedrock_guardrails_configured",
         "bedrock_model_invocation_logging_enabled",
         "bedrock_model_invocation_logs_encryption_enabled",
+        "bedrock_prompt_management_exists",
         "cloudformation_stack_outputs_find_secrets",
         "cloudfront_distributions_custom_ssl_certificate",
         "cloudfront_distributions_default_root_object",

prowler/compliance/azure/cis_2.0_azure.json

@@ -2276,9 +2276,9 @@
           "Description": "Ensure that network flow logs are captured and fed into a central log analytics workspace.",
           "RationaleStatement": "Network Flow Logs provide valuable insight into the flow of traffic around your network and feed into both Azure Monitor and Azure Sentinel (if in use), permitting thegeneration of visual flow diagrams to aid with analyzing for lateral movement, etc.",
           "ImpactStatement": "The impact of configuring NSG Flow logs is primarily one of cost and configuration. If deployed, it will create storage accounts that hold minimal amounts of data on a 5-day lifecycle before feeding to Log Analytics Workspace. This will increase the amount of data stored and used by Azure Monitor.",
-          "RemediationProcedure": "From Azure Portal 1. Navigate to Network Watcher. 2. Select NSG flow logs. 3. Select + Create. 4. Select the desired Subscription. 5. Select + Select NSG. 6. Select a network security group. 7. Click Confirm selection. 8. Select or create a new Storage Account. 9. Input the retention in days to retain the log. 10. Click Next. 11. Under Configuration, select Version 2. 12. If rich analytics are required, select Enable Traffic Analytics, a processing interval, and a Log Analytics Workspace. 13. Select Next. 14. Optionally add Tags. 15. Select Review + create. 16. Select Create. Warning The remediation policy creates remediation deployment and names them by concatenating the subscription name and the resource group name. The MAXIMUM permitted length of a deployment name is 64 characters. Exceeding this will cause the remediation task to fail.",
-          "AuditProcedure": "From Azure Portal 1. Navigate to Network Watcher. 2. Select NSG flow logs 3. For each log you wish to audit select it from this view.",
-          "AdditionalInformation": "",
+          "RemediationProcedure": "From Azure Portal Existing NSG flow logs can still be reviewed under Network Watcher > Flow logs. If you already have NSG flow logs configured, ensure they remain enabled and that Traffic Analytics sends data to a Log Analytics Workspace until migration is complete. Azure no longer allows creation of new NSG flow logs after June 30, 2025. For new or migrated deployments, create Virtual network flow logs instead: 1. Navigate to Network Watcher. 2. Select Flow logs. 3. Select + Create. 4. Select the desired Subscription. 5. For Flow log type, select Virtual network. 6. Select + Select target resource. 7. Select a virtual network. 8. Click Confirm selection. 9. Select or create a new Storage Account. 10. Input the retention in days to retain the log. 11. Click Next. 12. Under Analytics, select Version 2, enable Traffic Analytics, and select a Log Analytics Workspace. 13. Select Next. 14. Optionally add Tags. 15. Select Review + create. 16. Select Create.",
+          "AuditProcedure": "From Azure Portal 1. Navigate to Network Watcher. 2. Select Flow logs. 3. Review existing Network security group flow logs, if any remain, to ensure they are enabled and configured to send logs to a Log Analytics Workspace. 4. Review Virtual network flow logs for new or migrated coverage.",
+          "AdditionalInformation": "On September 30, 2027, NSG flow logs will be retired, and creating new NSG flow logs has not been possible since June 30, 2025. Azure recommends migrating to virtual network flow logs, which address NSG flow log limitations. After retirement, traffic analytics using NSG flow logs will no longer be supported, and existing NSG flow log resources will be deleted. Previously collected NSG flow log records will remain available per their retention policies.",
           "DefaultValue": "By default Network Security Group logs are not sent to Log Analytics.",
           "References": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/network-watcher/network-watcher-nsg-flow-logging-portal:https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-logging-threat-detection#lt-4-enable-network-logging-for-security-investigation"
         }
@@ -2702,9 +2702,9 @@
           "Description": "Network Security Group Flow Logs should be enabled and the retention period set to greater than or equal to 90 days.",
           "RationaleStatement": "Flow logs enable capturing information about IP traffic flowing in and out of network security groups. Logs can be used to check for anomalies and give insight into suspected breaches.",
           "ImpactStatement": "This will keep IP traffic logs for longer than 90 days. As a level 2, first determine your need to retain data, then apply your selection here. As this is data stored for longer, your monthly storage costs will increase depending on your data use.",
-          "RemediationProcedure": "From Azure Portal 1. Go to Network Watcher 2. Select NSG flow logs blade in the Logs section 3. Select each Network Security Group from the list 4. Ensure Status is set to On 5. Ensure Retention (days) setting greater than 90 days 6. Select your storage account in the Storage account field 7. Select Save From Azure CLI Enable the NSG flow logs and set the Retention (days) to greater than or equal to 90 days. az network watcher flow-log configure --nsg <NameorID of the Network Security Group> --enabled true --resource-group <resourceGroupName> --retention 91 -- storage-account <NameorID of the storage account to save flow logs>",
-          "AuditProcedure": "From Azure Portal 1. Go to Network Watcher 2. Select NSG flow logs blade in the Logs section 3. Select each Network Security Group from the list 4. Ensure Status is set to On 5. Ensure Retention (days) setting greater than 90 days From Azure CLI az network watcher flow-log show --resource-group <resourceGroup> --nsg <NameorID of the NetworkSecurityGroup> --query 'retentionPolicy' Ensure that enabled is set to true and days is set to greater then or equal to 90.",
-          "AdditionalInformation": "",
+          "RemediationProcedure": "From Azure Portal Existing NSG flow logs can still be reviewed under Network Watcher > Flow logs. If you already have NSG flow logs configured, ensure Status is set to On and Retention (days) is set to 0, 90, or a number greater than 90 until migration is complete. Azure no longer allows creation of new NSG flow logs after June 30, 2025. For new or migrated deployments, configure Virtual network flow logs instead and set Retention days to 0, 90, or a number greater than 90. From Azure CLI Update an existing flow log retention policy with az network watcher flow-log update --location <location> --name <flow-log> --retention <number-of-days>.",
+          "AuditProcedure": "From Azure Portal 1. Go to Network Watcher. 2. Select Flow logs. 3. Review existing Network security group flow logs, if any remain, and ensure Status is set to On and Retention (days) is set to 0, 90, or a number greater than 90. 4. Review Virtual network flow logs for new or migrated coverage. From Azure CLI az network watcher flow-log list --location <location> --query [*].[name,retentionPolicy,targetResourceId] Ensure each relevant flow log has retention days set to 0, 90, or a number greater than 90.",
+          "AdditionalInformation": "On September 30, 2027, NSG flow logs will be retired, and creating new NSG flow logs has not been possible since June 30, 2025. Azure recommends migrating to virtual network flow logs, which address NSG flow log limitations. After retirement, traffic analytics using NSG flow logs will no longer be supported, and existing NSG flow log resources will be deleted. Previously collected NSG flow log records will remain available per their retention policies.",
           "DefaultValue": "By default, Network Security Group Flow Logs are disabled.",
           "References": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/network-watcher/network-watcher-nsg-flow-logging-overview:https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/network/watcher/flow-log?view=azure-cli-latest:https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-logging-threat-detection#lt-6-configure-log-storage-retention"
         }

prowler/compliance/azure/cis_2.1_azure.json

@@ -2241,9 +2241,9 @@
           "Description": "Ensure that network flow logs are captured and fed into a central log analytics workspace.",
           "RationaleStatement": "Network Flow Logs provide valuable insight into the flow of traffic around your network and feed into both Azure Monitor and Azure Sentinel (if in use), permitting the generation of visual flow diagrams to aid with analyzing for lateral movement, etc.",
           "ImpactStatement": "The impact of configuring NSG Flow logs is primarily one of cost and configuration. If deployed, it will create storage accounts that hold minimal amounts of data on a 5-day lifecycle before feeding to Log Analytics Workspace. This will increase the amount of data stored and used by Azure Monitor.",
-          "RemediationProcedure": "**From Azure Portal**  1. Navigate to `Network Watcher`. 1. Select `NSG flow logs`. 1. Select `+ Create`. 1. Select the desired Subscription. 1. Select `+ Select NSG`. 1. Select a network security group. 1. Click `Confirm selection`. 1. Select or create a new Storage Account. 1. Input the retention in days to retain the log. 1. Click `Next`. 1. Under `Configuration`, select `Version 2`. 1. If rich analytics are required, select `Enable Traffic Analytics`, a processing interval, and a `Log Analytics Workspace`. 1. Select `Next`. 1. Optionally add Tags. 1. Select `Review + create`. 1. Select `Create`.  ***Warning*** The remediation policy creates remediation deployment and names them by concatenating the subscription name and the resource group name. The MAXIMUM permitted length of a deployment name is 64 characters. Exceeding this will cause the remediation task to fail.",
-          "AuditProcedure": "**From Azure Portal**  1. Navigate to `Network Watcher`. 1. Select `NSG flow logs` 1. For each log you wish to audit select it from this view.  **From Azure Policy**  If referencing a digital copy of this Benchmark, clicking a Policy ID will open a link to the associated Policy definition in Azure.  If referencing a printed copy, you can search Policy IDs from this URL: https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyMenuBlade/~/Definitions  - **Policy ID:** [27960feb-a23c-4577-8d36-ef8b5f35e0be](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F27960feb-a23c-4577-8d36-ef8b5f35e0be) **- Name:** 'All flow log resources should be in enabled state'  - **Policy ID:** [c251913d-7d24-4958-af87-478ed3b9ba41](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2Fc251913d-7d24-4958-af87-478ed3b9ba41) **- Name:** 'Flow logs should be configured for every network security group'  - **Policy ID:** [4c3c6c5f-0d47-4402-99b8-aa543dd8bcee](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F4c3c6c5f-0d47-4402-99b8-aa543dd8bcee) **- Name:** 'Flow logs should be configured for every virtual network'",
-          "AdditionalInformation": "",
+          "RemediationProcedure": "**From Azure Portal**  Existing NSG flow logs can still be reviewed under `Network Watcher` > `Flow logs`. If you already have NSG flow logs configured, ensure they remain enabled and that `Traffic Analytics` sends data to a `Log Analytics Workspace` until migration is complete. Azure no longer allows creation of new NSG flow logs after June 30, 2025. For new or migrated deployments, create `Virtual network` flow logs instead:  1. Navigate to `Network Watcher`. 1. Select `Flow logs`. 1. Select `+ Create`. 1. Select the desired Subscription. 1. For `Flow log type`, select `Virtual network`. 1. Select `+ Select target resource`. 1. Select `Virtual network`. 1. Select a virtual network. 1. Click `Confirm selection`. 1. Select or create a new Storage Account. 1. Input the retention in days to retain the log. 1. Click `Next`. 1. Under `Analytics`, for `Flow log version`, select `Version 2`. 1. Check the box next to `Enable traffic analytics`. 1. Select a processing interval. 1. Select a `Log Analytics Workspace`. 1. Select `Next`. 1. Optionally add Tags. 1. Select `Review + create`. 1. Select `Create`.",
+          "AuditProcedure": "**From Azure Portal**  1. Navigate to `Network Watcher`. 1. Select `Flow logs`. 1. Review existing `Network security group` flow logs, if any remain, to ensure they are enabled and configured to send logs to a `Log Analytics Workspace`. 1. Review `Virtual network` flow logs for new or migrated coverage.  **From Azure Policy**  If referencing a digital copy of this Benchmark, clicking a Policy ID will open a link to the associated Policy definition in Azure.  If referencing a printed copy, you can search Policy IDs from this URL: https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyMenuBlade/~/Definitions  - **Policy ID:** [27960feb-a23c-4577-8d36-ef8b5f35e0be](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F27960feb-a23c-4577-8d36-ef8b5f35e0be) **- Name:** 'All flow log resources should be in enabled state'  - **Policy ID:** [c251913d-7d24-4958-af87-478ed3b9ba41](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2Fc251913d-7d24-4958-af87-478ed3b9ba41) **- Name:** 'Flow logs should be configured for every network security group'  - **Policy ID:** [4c3c6c5f-0d47-4402-99b8-aa543dd8bcee](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F4c3c6c5f-0d47-4402-99b8-aa543dd8bcee) **- Name:** 'Flow logs should be configured for every virtual network'",
+          "AdditionalInformation": "On September 30, 2027, NSG flow logs will be retired, and creating new NSG flow logs has not been possible since June 30, 2025. Azure recommends migrating to virtual network flow logs, which address NSG flow log limitations. After retirement, traffic analytics using NSG flow logs will no longer be supported, and existing NSG flow log resources will be deleted. Previously collected NSG flow log records will remain available per their retention policies.",
           "DefaultValue": "By default Network Security Group logs are not sent to Log Analytics.",
           "References": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/network-watcher/network-watcher-nsg-flow-logging-portal:https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/mcsb-logging-threat-detection#lt-4-enable-network-logging-for-security-investigation"
         }
@@ -2627,9 +2627,9 @@
           "Description": "Network Security Group Flow Logs should be enabled and the retention period set to greater than or equal to 90 days.",
           "RationaleStatement": "Flow logs enable capturing information about IP traffic flowing in and out of network security groups. Logs can be used to check for anomalies and give insight into suspected breaches.",
           "ImpactStatement": "This will keep IP traffic logs for longer than 90 days. As a level 2, first determine your need to retain data, then apply your selection here. As this is data stored for longer, your monthly storage costs will increase depending on your data use.",
-          "RemediationProcedure": "**From Azure Portal**  1. Go to `Network Watcher` 2. Select `NSG flow logs` blade in the Logs section 3. Select each Network Security Group from the list 4. Ensure `Status` is set to `On` 5. Ensure `Retention (days)` setting `greater than 90 days` 6. Select your storage account in the `Storage account` field 7. Select `Save`  **From Azure CLI**  Enable the `NSG flow logs` and set the Retention (days) to greater than or equal to 90 days.  ``` az network watcher flow-log configure --nsg <NameorID of the Network Security Group> --enabled true --resource-group <resourceGroupName> --retention 91 --storage-account <NameorID of the storage account to save flow logs> ```",
-          "AuditProcedure": "**From Azure Portal**  1. Go to `Network Watcher` 2. Select `NSG flow logs` blade in the Logs section 3. Select each Network Security Group from the list 4. Ensure `Status` is set to `On` 5. Ensure `Retention (days)` setting `greater than 90 days`  **From Azure CLI**  ``` az network watcher flow-log show --resource-group <resourceGroup> --nsg <NameorID of the NetworkSecurityGroup> --query 'retentionPolicy' ```  Ensure that `enabled` is set to `true` and `days` is set to `greater then or equal to 90`.  **From Azure Policy**  If referencing a digital copy of this Benchmark, clicking a Policy ID will open a link to the associated Policy definition in Azure.  If referencing a printed copy, you can search Policy IDs from this URL: https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyMenuBlade/~/Definitions  - **Policy ID:** [5e1cd26a-5090-4fdb-9d6a-84a90335e22d](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F5e1cd26a-5090-4fdb-9d6a-84a90335e22d) **- Name:** 'Configure network security groups to use specific workspace, storage account and flowlog retention policy for traffic analytics'",
-          "AdditionalInformation": "",
+          "RemediationProcedure": "**From Azure Portal**  Existing NSG flow logs can still be reviewed under `Network Watcher` > `Flow logs`. If you already have NSG flow logs configured, ensure `Status` is set to `On` and `Retention (days)` is set to `0`, `90`, or a number greater than `90` until migration is complete. Azure no longer allows creation of new NSG flow logs after June 30, 2025. For new or migrated deployments, configure `Virtual network` flow logs instead and set `Retention days` to `0`, `90`, or a number greater than `90`.  **From Azure CLI**  Update an existing flow log retention policy with:  ``` az network watcher flow-log update --location <location> --name <flow-log> --retention <number-of-days> ```",
+          "AuditProcedure": "**From Azure Portal**  1. Go to `Network Watcher`. 1. Select `Flow logs`. 1. Review existing `Network security group` flow logs, if any remain, and ensure `Status` is set to `On` and `Retention (days)` is set to `0`, `90`, or a number greater than `90`. 1. Review `Virtual network` flow logs for new or migrated coverage.  **From Azure CLI**  ``` az network watcher flow-log list --location <location> --query [*].[name,retentionPolicy,targetResourceId] ```  Ensure each relevant flow log has retention days set to `0`, `90`, or a number greater than `90`.  **From Azure Policy**  If referencing a digital copy of this Benchmark, clicking a Policy ID will open a link to the associated Policy definition in Azure.  If referencing a printed copy, you can search Policy IDs from this URL: https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyMenuBlade/~/Definitions  - **Policy ID:** [5e1cd26a-5090-4fdb-9d6a-84a90335e22d](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F5e1cd26a-5090-4fdb-9d6a-84a90335e22d) **- Name:** 'Configure network security groups to use specific workspace, storage account and flowlog retention policy for traffic analytics'",
+          "AdditionalInformation": "On September 30, 2027, NSG flow logs will be retired, and creating new NSG flow logs has not been possible since June 30, 2025. Azure recommends migrating to virtual network flow logs, which address NSG flow log limitations. After retirement, traffic analytics using NSG flow logs will no longer be supported, and existing NSG flow log resources will be deleted. Previously collected NSG flow log records will remain available per their retention policies.",
           "DefaultValue": "By default, Network Security Group Flow Logs are `disabled`.",
           "References": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/network-watcher/network-watcher-nsg-flow-logging-overview:https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/network/watcher/flow-log?view=azure-cli-latest:https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/mcsb-logging-threat-detection#lt-6-configure-log-storage-retention"
         }

prowler/compliance/azure/cis_3.0_azure.json

@@ -2548,9 +2548,9 @@
           "Description": "Ensure that network flow logs are captured and fed into a central log analytics workspace.",
           "RationaleStatement": "Network Flow Logs provide valuable insight into the flow of traffic around your network and feed into both Azure Monitor and Azure Sentinel (if in use), permitting the generation of visual flow diagrams to aid with analyzing for lateral movement, etc.",
           "ImpactStatement": "The impact of configuring NSG Flow logs is primarily one of cost and configuration. If deployed, it will create storage accounts that hold minimal amounts of data on a 5-day lifecycle before feeding to Log Analytics Workspace.This will increase the amount of data stored and used by Azure Monitor.",
-          "RemediationProcedure": "**Remediate from Azure Portal**1. Navigate to `Network Watcher`.1. Under `Logs`, select `Flow logs`.1. Select `+ Create`.1. Select the desired Subscription.1. For `Flow log type`, select `Network security group`.1. Select `+ Select target resource`.1. Select `Network security group`.1. Select a network security group.1. Click `Confirm selection`.1. Select or create a new Storage Account.1. If using a v2 storage account, input the retention in days to retain the log.1. Click `Next`.1. Under `Analytics`, for `Flow log version`, select `Version 2`.1. Check the box next to `Enable traffic analytics`.1. Select a processing interval.1. Select a `Log Analytics Workspace`.1. Select `Next`.1. Optionally add Tags.1. Select `Review + create`.1. Select `Create`.***Warning***The remediation policy creates remediation deployment and names them by concatenating the subscription name and the resource group name. The MAXIMUM permitted length of a deployment name is 64 characters. Exceeding this will cause the remediation task to fail.",
-          "AuditProcedure": "**Audit from Azure Portal**1. Navigate to `Network Watcher`.1. Under `Logs`, select `Flow logs`.1. Click `Add filter`.1. From the `Filter` drop-down, select `Flow log type`.1. From the `Value` drop-down, check `Network security group` only.1. Click `Apply`.1. Ensure that at least one network security group flow log is listed and is configured to send logs to a `Log Analytics Workspace`.**Audit from Azure Policy**If referencing a digital copy of this Benchmark, clicking a Policy ID will open a link to the associated Policy definition in Azure.If referencing a printed copy, you can search Policy IDs from this URL: https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyMenuBlade/~/Definitions- **Policy ID:** [27960feb-a23c-4577-8d36-ef8b5f35e0be](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F27960feb-a23c-4577-8d36-ef8b5f35e0be) **- Name:** 'All flow log resources should be in enabled state'- **Policy ID:** [c251913d-7d24-4958-af87-478ed3b9ba41](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2Fc251913d-7d24-4958-af87-478ed3b9ba41) **- Name:** 'Flow logs should be configured for every network security group'- **Policy ID:** [4c3c6c5f-0d47-4402-99b8-aa543dd8bcee](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F4c3c6c5f-0d47-4402-99b8-aa543dd8bcee) **- Name:** 'Flow logs should be configured for every virtual network'",
-          "AdditionalInformation": "",
+          "RemediationProcedure": "**Remediate from Azure Portal** Existing NSG flow logs can still be reviewed under `Network Watcher` > `Flow logs`. If you already have NSG flow logs configured, ensure they remain enabled and that `Traffic Analytics` sends data to a `Log Analytics Workspace` until migration is complete. Azure no longer allows creation of new NSG flow logs after June 30, 2025. For new or migrated deployments, create `Virtual network` flow logs instead: 1. Navigate to `Network Watcher`.1. Under `Logs`, select `Flow logs`.1. Select `+ Create`.1. Select the desired Subscription.1. For `Flow log type`, select `Virtual network`.1. Select `+ Select target resource`.1. Select `Virtual network`.1. Select a virtual network.1. Click `Confirm selection`.1. Select or create a new Storage Account.1. If using a v2 storage account, input the retention in days to retain the log.1. Click `Next`.1. Under `Analytics`, for `Flow log version`, select `Version 2`.1. Check the box next to `Enable traffic analytics`.1. Select a processing interval.1. Select a `Log Analytics Workspace`.1. Select `Next`.1. Optionally add Tags.1. Select `Review + create`.1. Select `Create`.",
+          "AuditProcedure": "**Audit from Azure Portal**1. Navigate to `Network Watcher`.1. Under `Logs`, select `Flow logs`.1. Click `Add filter`.1. From the `Filter` drop-down, select `Flow log type`.1. Review existing `Network security group` flow logs, if any remain, to ensure they are enabled and configured to send logs to a `Log Analytics Workspace`.1. Review `Virtual network` flow logs for new or migrated coverage.**Audit from Azure Policy**If referencing a digital copy of this Benchmark, clicking a Policy ID will open a link to the associated Policy definition in Azure.If referencing a printed copy, you can search Policy IDs from this URL: https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyMenuBlade/~/Definitions- **Policy ID:** [27960feb-a23c-4577-8d36-ef8b5f35e0be](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F27960feb-a23c-4577-8d36-ef8b5f35e0be) **- Name:** 'All flow log resources should be in enabled state'- **Policy ID:** [c251913d-7d24-4958-af87-478ed3b9ba41](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2Fc251913d-7d24-4958-af87-478ed3b9ba41) **- Name:** 'Flow logs should be configured for every network security group'- **Policy ID:** [4c3c6c5f-0d47-4402-99b8-aa543dd8bcee](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F4c3c6c5f-0d47-4402-99b8-aa543dd8bcee) **- Name:** 'Flow logs should be configured for every virtual network'",
+          "AdditionalInformation": "On September 30, 2027, NSG flow logs will be retired, and creating new NSG flow logs has not been possible since June 30, 2025. Azure recommends migrating to virtual network flow logs, which address NSG flow log limitations. After retirement, traffic analytics using NSG flow logs will no longer be supported, and existing NSG flow log resources will be deleted. Previously collected NSG flow log records will remain available per their retention policies.",
           "DefaultValue": "By default Network Security Group logs are not sent to Log Analytics.",
           "References": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/network-watcher/network-watcher-nsg-flow-logging-portal:https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/mcsb-logging-threat-detection#lt-4-enable-network-logging-for-security-investigation"
         }
@@ -2934,9 +2934,9 @@
           "Description": "Network Security Group Flow Logs should be enabled and the retention period set to greater than or equal to 90 days.",
           "RationaleStatement": "Flow logs enable capturing information about IP traffic flowing in and out of network security groups. Logs can be used to check for anomalies and give insight into suspected breaches.",
           "ImpactStatement": "This will keep IP traffic logs for longer than 90 days. As a level 2, first determine your need to retain data, then apply your selection here. As this is data stored for longer, your monthly storage costs will increase depending on your data use.",
-          "RemediationProcedure": "**Remediate from Azure Portal**1. Go to `Network Watcher`2. Select `NSG flow logs` blade in the Logs section3. Select each Network Security Group from the list4. Ensure `Status` is set to `On`5. Ensure `Retention (days)` setting `greater than 90 days`6. Select your storage account in the `Storage account` field7. Select `Save`**Remediate from Azure CLI**Enable the `NSG flow logs` and set the Retention (days) to greater than or equal to 90 days.```az network watcher flow-log configure --nsg <NameorID of the Network Security Group> --enabled true --resource-group <resourceGroupName> --retention 91 --storage-account <NameorID of the storage account to save flow logs>```",
-          "AuditProcedure": "**Audit from Azure Portal**1. Go to `Network Watcher`2. Select `NSG flow logs` blade in the Logs section3. Select each Network Security Group from the list4. Ensure `Status` is set to `On`5. Ensure `Retention (days)` setting `greater than 90 days`**Audit from Azure CLI**```az network watcher flow-log show --resource-group <resourceGroup> --nsg <NameorID of the NetworkSecurityGroup> --query 'retentionPolicy'```Ensure that `enabled` is set to `true` and `days` is set to `greater then or equal to 90`.**Audit from Azure Policy**If referencing a digital copy of this Benchmark, clicking a Policy ID will open a link to the associated Policy definition in Azure.If referencing a printed copy, you can search Policy IDs from this URL: https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyMenuBlade/~/Definitions- **Policy ID:** [5e1cd26a-5090-4fdb-9d6a-84a90335e22d](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F5e1cd26a-5090-4fdb-9d6a-84a90335e22d) **- Name:** 'Configure network security groups to use specific workspace, storage account and flowlog retention policy for traffic analytics'",
-          "AdditionalInformation": "",
+          "RemediationProcedure": "**Remediate from Azure Portal** Existing NSG flow logs can still be reviewed under `Network Watcher` > `Flow logs`. If you already have NSG flow logs configured, ensure `Status` is set to `On` and `Retention (days)` is set to `0`, `90`, or a number greater than `90` until migration is complete. Azure no longer allows creation of new NSG flow logs after June 30, 2025. For new or migrated deployments, configure `Virtual network` flow logs instead and set `Retention days` to `0`, `90`, or a number greater than `90`.**Remediate from Azure CLI**Update an existing flow log retention policy with:```az network watcher flow-log update --location <location> --name <flow-log> --retention <number-of-days>```",
+          "AuditProcedure": "**Audit from Azure Portal**1. Go to `Network Watcher`.1. Select `Flow logs`.1. Review existing `Network security group` flow logs, if any remain, and ensure `Status` is set to `On` and `Retention (days)` is set to `0`, `90`, or a number greater than `90`.1. Review `Virtual network` flow logs for new or migrated coverage.**Audit from Azure CLI**```az network watcher flow-log list --location <location> --query [*].[name,retentionPolicy,targetResourceId]```Ensure each relevant flow log has retention days set to `0`, `90`, or a number greater than `90`.**Audit from Azure Policy**If referencing a digital copy of this Benchmark, clicking a Policy ID will open a link to the associated Policy definition in Azure.If referencing a printed copy, you can search Policy IDs from this URL: https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyMenuBlade/~/Definitions- **Policy ID:** [5e1cd26a-5090-4fdb-9d6a-84a90335e22d](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F5e1cd26a-5090-4fdb-9d6a-84a90335e22d) **- Name:** 'Configure network security groups to use specific workspace, storage account and flowlog retention policy for traffic analytics'",
+          "AdditionalInformation": "On September 30, 2027, NSG flow logs will be retired, and creating new NSG flow logs has not been possible since June 30, 2025. Azure recommends migrating to virtual network flow logs, which address NSG flow log limitations. After retirement, traffic analytics using NSG flow logs will no longer be supported, and existing NSG flow log resources will be deleted. Previously collected NSG flow log records will remain available per their retention policies.",
           "DefaultValue": "By default, Network Security Group Flow Logs are `disabled`.",
           "References": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/network-watcher/network-watcher-nsg-flow-logging-overview:https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/network/watcher/flow-log?view=azure-cli-latest:https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/mcsb-logging-threat-detection#lt-6-configure-log-storage-retention"
         }

prowler/compliance/azure/cis_4.0_azure.json

@@ -1302,9 +1302,9 @@
           "Description": "Ensure that network flow logs are captured and fed into a central log analytics workspace.  **Retirement Notice**  On September 30, 2027, network security group (NSG) flow logs will be retired. Starting June 30, 2025, it will no longer be possible to create new NSG flow logs. Azure recommends migrating to virtual network flow logs. Review https://azure.microsoft.com/en-gb/updates?id=Azure-NSG-flow-logs-Retirement for more information.  For virtual network flow logs, consider applying the recommendation `Ensure that virtual network flow logs are captured and sent to Log Analytics` in this section.",
           "RationaleStatement": "Network Flow Logs provide valuable insight into the flow of traffic around your network and feed into both Azure Monitor and Azure Sentinel (if in use), permitting the generation of visual flow diagrams to aid with analyzing for lateral movement, etc.",
           "ImpactStatement": "The impact of configuring NSG Flow logs is primarily one of cost and configuration. If deployed, it will create storage accounts that hold minimal amounts of data on a 5-day lifecycle before feeding to Log Analytics Workspace. This will increase the amount of data stored and used by Azure Monitor.",
-          "RemediationProcedure": "**Remediate from Azure Portal**  1. Navigate to `Network Watcher`. 1. Under `Logs`, select `Flow logs`. 1. Select `+ Create`. 1. Select the desired Subscription. 1. For `Flow log type`, select `Network security group`. 1. Select `+ Select target resource`. 1. Select `Network security group`. 1. Select a network security group. 1. Click `Confirm selection`. 1. Select or create a new Storage Account. 1. If using a v2 storage account, input the retention in days to retain the log. 1. Click `Next`. 1. Under `Analytics`, for `Flow log version`, select `Version 2`. 1. Check the box next to `Enable traffic analytics`. 1. Select a processing interval. 1. Select a `Log Analytics Workspace`. 1. Select `Next`. 1. Optionally add Tags. 1. Select `Review + create`. 1. Select `Create`.  ***Warning*** The remediation policy creates remediation deployment and names them by concatenating the subscription name and the resource group name. The MAXIMUM permitted length of a deployment name is 64 characters. Exceeding this will cause the remediation task to fail.",
-          "AuditProcedure": "**Audit from Azure Portal**  1. Navigate to `Network Watcher`. 1. Under `Logs`, select `Flow logs`. 1. Click `Add filter`. 1. From the `Filter` drop-down, select `Flow log type`. 1. From the `Value` drop-down, check `Network security group` only. 1. Click `Apply`. 1. Ensure that at least one network security group flow log is listed and is configured to send logs to a `Log Analytics Workspace`.  **Audit from Azure Policy**  If referencing a digital copy of this Benchmark, clicking a Policy ID will open a link to the associated Policy definition in Azure.  If referencing a printed copy, you can search Policy IDs from this URL: https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyMenuBlade/~/Definitions  - **Policy ID:** [27960feb-a23c-4577-8d36-ef8b5f35e0be](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F27960feb-a23c-4577-8d36-ef8b5f35e0be) **- Name:** 'All flow log resources should be in enabled state'  - **Policy ID:** [c251913d-7d24-4958-af87-478ed3b9ba41](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2Fc251913d-7d24-4958-af87-478ed3b9ba41) **- Name:** 'Flow logs should be configured for every network security group'  - **Policy ID:** [4c3c6c5f-0d47-4402-99b8-aa543dd8bcee](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F4c3c6c5f-0d47-4402-99b8-aa543dd8bcee) **- Name:** 'Flow logs should be configured for every virtual network'",
-          "AdditionalInformation": "",
+          "RemediationProcedure": "**Remediate from Azure Portal**  Existing NSG flow logs can still be reviewed under `Network Watcher` > `Flow logs`. If you already have NSG flow logs configured, ensure they remain enabled and that `Traffic Analytics` sends data to a `Log Analytics Workspace` until migration is complete. Azure no longer allows creation of new NSG flow logs after June 30, 2025. For new or migrated deployments, create `Virtual network` flow logs instead:  1. Navigate to `Network Watcher`. 1. Under `Logs`, select `Flow logs`. 1. Select `+ Create`. 1. Select the desired Subscription. 1. For `Flow log type`, select `Virtual network`. 1. Select `+ Select target resource`. 1. Select `Virtual network`. 1. Select a virtual network. 1. Click `Confirm selection`. 1. Select or create a new Storage Account. 1. If using a v2 storage account, input the retention in days to retain the log. 1. Click `Next`. 1. Under `Analytics`, for `Flow log version`, select `Version 2`. 1. Check the box next to `Enable traffic analytics`. 1. Select a processing interval. 1. Select a `Log Analytics Workspace`. 1. Select `Next`. 1. Optionally add Tags. 1. Select `Review + create`. 1. Select `Create`.",
+          "AuditProcedure": "**Audit from Azure Portal**  1. Navigate to `Network Watcher`. 1. Under `Logs`, select `Flow logs`. 1. Click `Add filter`. 1. From the `Filter` drop-down, select `Flow log type`. 1. Review existing `Network security group` flow logs, if any remain, to ensure they are enabled and configured to send logs to a `Log Analytics Workspace`. 1. Review `Virtual network` flow logs for new or migrated coverage.  **Audit from Azure Policy**  If referencing a digital copy of this Benchmark, clicking a Policy ID will open a link to the associated Policy definition in Azure.  If referencing a printed copy, you can search Policy IDs from this URL: https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyMenuBlade/~/Definitions  - **Policy ID:** [27960feb-a23c-4577-8d36-ef8b5f35e0be](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F27960feb-a23c-4577-8d36-ef8b5f35e0be) **- Name:** 'All flow log resources should be in enabled state'  - **Policy ID:** [c251913d-7d24-4958-af87-478ed3b9ba41](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2Fc251913d-7d24-4958-af87-478ed3b9ba41) **- Name:** 'Flow logs should be configured for every network security group'  - **Policy ID:** [4c3c6c5f-0d47-4402-99b8-aa543dd8bcee](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F4c3c6c5f-0d47-4402-99b8-aa543dd8bcee) **- Name:** 'Flow logs should be configured for every virtual network'",
+          "AdditionalInformation": "On September 30, 2027, NSG flow logs will be retired, and creating new NSG flow logs has not been possible since June 30, 2025. Azure recommends migrating to virtual network flow logs, which address NSG flow log limitations. After retirement, traffic analytics using NSG flow logs will no longer be supported, and existing NSG flow log resources will be deleted. Previously collected NSG flow log records will remain available per their retention policies. For details, see the official announcement: https://azure.microsoft.com/en-gb/updates?id=Azure-NSG-flow-logs-Retirement.",
           "References": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/network-watcher/network-watcher-nsg-flow-logging-portal:https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/mcsb-logging-threat-detection#lt-4-enable-network-logging-for-security-investigation",
           "DefaultValue": "By default Network Security Group logs are not sent to Log Analytics."
         }
@@ -1789,9 +1789,9 @@
           "Description": "Network Security Group Flow Logs should be enabled and the retention period set to greater than or equal to 90 days.  **Retirement Notice**  On September 30, 2027, network security group (NSG) flow logs will be retired. Starting June 30, 2025, it will no longer be possible to create new NSG flow logs. Azure recommends migrating to virtual network flow logs. Review https://azure.microsoft.com/en-gb/updates?id=Azure-NSG-flow-logs-Retirement for more information.  For virtual network flow logs, consider applying the recommendation `Ensure that virtual network flow log retention days is set to greater than or equal to 90` in this section.",
           "RationaleStatement": "Flow logs enable capturing information about IP traffic flowing in and out of network security groups. Logs can be used to check for anomalies and give insight into suspected breaches.",
           "ImpactStatement": "This will keep IP traffic logs for longer than 90 days. As a level 2, first determine your need to retain data, then apply your selection here. As this is data stored for longer, your monthly storage costs will increase depending on your data use.",
-          "RemediationProcedure": "**Remediate from Azure Portal**  1. Go to `Network Watcher` 2. Select `NSG flow logs` blade in the Logs section 3. Select each Network Security Group from the list 4. Ensure `Status` is set to `On` 5. Ensure `Retention (days)` setting `greater than 90 days` 6. Select your storage account in the `Storage account` field 7. Select `Save`  **Remediate from Azure CLI**  Enable the `NSG flow logs` and set the Retention (days) to greater than or equal to 90 days.  ``` az network watcher flow-log configure --nsg <NameorID of the Network Security Group> --enabled true --resource-group <resourceGroupName> --retention 91 --storage-account <NameorID of the storage account to save flow logs> ```",
-          "AuditProcedure": "**Audit from Azure Portal**  1. Go to `Network Watcher` 2. Select `NSG flow logs` blade in the Logs section 3. Select each Network Security Group from the list 4. Ensure `Status` is set to `On` 5. Ensure `Retention (days)` setting `greater than 90 days`  **Audit from Azure CLI**  ``` az network watcher flow-log show --resource-group <resourceGroup> --nsg <NameorID of the NetworkSecurityGroup> --query 'retentionPolicy' ```  Ensure that `enabled` is set to `true` and `days` is set to `greater then or equal to 90`.  **Audit from Azure Policy**  If referencing a digital copy of this Benchmark, clicking a Policy ID will open a link to the associated Policy definition in Azure.  If referencing a printed copy, you can search Policy IDs from this URL: https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyMenuBlade/~/Definitions  - **Policy ID:** [5e1cd26a-5090-4fdb-9d6a-84a90335e22d](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F5e1cd26a-5090-4fdb-9d6a-84a90335e22d) **- Name:** 'Configure network security groups to use specific workspace, storage account and flowlog retention policy for traffic analytics'",
-          "AdditionalInformation": "",
+          "RemediationProcedure": "**Remediate from Azure Portal**  Existing NSG flow logs can still be reviewed under `Network Watcher` > `Flow logs`. If you already have NSG flow logs configured, ensure `Status` is set to `On` and `Retention (days)` is set to `0`, `90`, or a number greater than `90` until migration is complete. Azure no longer allows creation of new NSG flow logs after June 30, 2025. For new or migrated deployments, configure `Virtual network` flow logs instead and set `Retention days` to `0`, `90`, or a number greater than `90`.  **Remediate from Azure CLI**  Update an existing flow log retention policy with:  ``` az network watcher flow-log update --location <location> --name <flow-log> --retention <number-of-days> ```",
+          "AuditProcedure": "**Audit from Azure Portal**  1. Go to `Network Watcher`. 1. Select `Flow logs`. 1. Review existing `Network security group` flow logs, if any remain, and ensure `Status` is set to `On` and `Retention (days)` is set to `0`, `90`, or a number greater than `90`. 1. Review `Virtual network` flow logs for new or migrated coverage.  **Audit from Azure CLI**  ``` az network watcher flow-log list --location <location> --query [*].[name,retentionPolicy,targetResourceId] ```  Ensure each relevant flow log has retention days set to `0`, `90`, or a number greater than `90`.  **Audit from Azure Policy**  If referencing a digital copy of this Benchmark, clicking a Policy ID will open a link to the associated Policy definition in Azure.  If referencing a printed copy, you can search Policy IDs from this URL: https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyMenuBlade/~/Definitions  - **Policy ID:** [5e1cd26a-5090-4fdb-9d6a-84a90335e22d](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F5e1cd26a-5090-4fdb-9d6a-84a90335e22d) **- Name:** 'Configure network security groups to use specific workspace, storage account and flowlog retention policy for traffic analytics'",
+          "AdditionalInformation": "On September 30, 2027, NSG flow logs will be retired, and creating new NSG flow logs has not been possible since June 30, 2025. Azure recommends migrating to virtual network flow logs, which address NSG flow log limitations. After retirement, traffic analytics using NSG flow logs will no longer be supported, and existing NSG flow log resources will be deleted. Previously collected NSG flow log records will remain available per their retention policies. For details, see the official announcement: https://azure.microsoft.com/en-gb/updates?id=Azure-NSG-flow-logs-Retirement.",
           "References": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/network-watcher/network-watcher-nsg-flow-logging-overview:https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/network/watcher/flow-log?view=azure-cli-latest:https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/mcsb-logging-threat-detection#lt-6-configure-log-storage-retention",
           "DefaultValue": "By default, Network Security Group Flow Logs are `disabled`."
         }

prowler/compliance/azure/cis_5.0_azure.json

@@ -1292,9 +1292,9 @@
           "Description": "Ensure that network flow logs are captured and fed into a central log analytics workspace.  **Retirement Notice**  On September 30, 2027, network security group (NSG) flow logs will be retired. Starting June 30, 2025, it will no longer be possible to create new NSG flow logs. Azure recommends migrating to virtual network flow logs. Review https://azure.microsoft.com/en-gb/updates?id=Azure-NSG-flow-logs-Retirement for more information.  For virtual network flow logs, consider applying the recommendation `Ensure that virtual network flow logs are captured and sent to Log Analytics` in this section.",
           "RationaleStatement": "Network Flow Logs provide valuable insight into the flow of traffic around your network and feed into both Azure Monitor and Azure Sentinel (if in use), permitting the generation of visual flow diagrams to aid with analyzing for lateral movement, etc.",
           "ImpactStatement": "The impact of configuring NSG Flow logs is primarily one of cost and configuration. If deployed, it will create storage accounts that hold minimal amounts of data on a 5-day lifecycle before feeding to Log Analytics Workspace. This will increase the amount of data stored and used by Azure Monitor.",
-          "RemediationProcedure": "**Remediate from Azure Portal**  1. Navigate to `Network Watcher`. 1. Under `Logs`, select `Flow logs`. 1. Select `+ Create`. 1. Select the desired Subscription. 1. For `Flow log type`, select `Network security group`. 1. Select `+ Select target resource`. 1. Select `Network security group`. 1. Select a network security group. 1. Click `Confirm selection`. 1. Select or create a new Storage Account. 1. If using a v2 storage account, input the retention in days to retain the log. 1. Click `Next`. 1. Under `Analytics`, for `Flow log version`, select `Version 2`. 1. Check the box next to `Enable traffic analytics`. 1. Select a processing interval. 1. Select a `Log Analytics Workspace`. 1. Select `Next`. 1. Optionally add Tags. 1. Select `Review + create`. 1. Select `Create`.  ***Warning*** The remediation policy creates remediation deployment and names them by concatenating the subscription name and the resource group name. The MAXIMUM permitted length of a deployment name is 64 characters. Exceeding this will cause the remediation task to fail.",
-          "AuditProcedure": "**Audit from Azure Portal**  1. Navigate to `Network Watcher`. 1. Under `Logs`, select `Flow logs`. 1. Click `Add filter`. 1. From the `Filter` drop-down, select `Flow log type`. 1. From the `Value` drop-down, check `Network security group` only. 1. Click `Apply`. 1. Ensure that at least one network security group flow log is listed and is configured to send logs to a `Log Analytics Workspace`.  **Audit from Azure Policy**  If referencing a digital copy of this Benchmark, clicking a Policy ID will open a link to the associated Policy definition in Azure.  If referencing a printed copy, you can search Policy IDs from this URL: https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyMenuBlade/~/Definitions  - **Policy ID:** [27960feb-a23c-4577-8d36-ef8b5f35e0be](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F27960feb-a23c-4577-8d36-ef8b5f35e0be) **- Name:** 'All flow log resources should be in enabled state'  - **Policy ID:** [c251913d-7d24-4958-af87-478ed3b9ba41](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2Fc251913d-7d24-4958-af87-478ed3b9ba41) **- Name:** 'Flow logs should be configured for every network security group'  - **Policy ID:** [4c3c6c5f-0d47-4402-99b8-aa543dd8bcee](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F4c3c6c5f-0d47-4402-99b8-aa543dd8bcee) **- Name:** 'Flow logs should be configured for every virtual network'",
-          "AdditionalInformation": "",
+          "RemediationProcedure": "**Remediate from Azure Portal**  Existing NSG flow logs can still be reviewed under `Network Watcher` > `Flow logs`. If you already have NSG flow logs configured, ensure they remain enabled and that `Traffic Analytics` sends data to a `Log Analytics Workspace` until migration is complete. Azure no longer allows creation of new NSG flow logs after June 30, 2025. For new or migrated deployments, create `Virtual network` flow logs instead:  1. Navigate to `Network Watcher`. 1. Under `Logs`, select `Flow logs`. 1. Select `+ Create`. 1. Select the desired Subscription. 1. For `Flow log type`, select `Virtual network`. 1. Select `+ Select target resource`. 1. Select `Virtual network`. 1. Select a virtual network. 1. Click `Confirm selection`. 1. Select or create a new Storage Account. 1. If using a v2 storage account, input the retention in days to retain the log. 1. Click `Next`. 1. Under `Analytics`, for `Flow log version`, select `Version 2`. 1. Check the box next to `Enable traffic analytics`. 1. Select a processing interval. 1. Select a `Log Analytics Workspace`. 1. Select `Next`. 1. Optionally add Tags. 1. Select `Review + create`. 1. Select `Create`.",
+          "AuditProcedure": "**Audit from Azure Portal**  1. Navigate to `Network Watcher`. 1. Under `Logs`, select `Flow logs`. 1. Click `Add filter`. 1. From the `Filter` drop-down, select `Flow log type`. 1. Review existing `Network security group` flow logs, if any remain, to ensure they are enabled and configured to send logs to a `Log Analytics Workspace`. 1. Review `Virtual network` flow logs for new or migrated coverage.  **Audit from Azure Policy**  If referencing a digital copy of this Benchmark, clicking a Policy ID will open a link to the associated Policy definition in Azure.  If referencing a printed copy, you can search Policy IDs from this URL: https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyMenuBlade/~/Definitions  - **Policy ID:** [27960feb-a23c-4577-8d36-ef8b5f35e0be](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F27960feb-a23c-4577-8d36-ef8b5f35e0be) **- Name:** 'All flow log resources should be in enabled state'  - **Policy ID:** [c251913d-7d24-4958-af87-478ed3b9ba41](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2Fc251913d-7d24-4958-af87-478ed3b9ba41) **- Name:** 'Flow logs should be configured for every network security group'  - **Policy ID:** [4c3c6c5f-0d47-4402-99b8-aa543dd8bcee](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyDetailBlade/definitionId/%2Fproviders%2FMicrosoft.Authorization%2FpolicyDefinitions%2F4c3c6c5f-0d47-4402-99b8-aa543dd8bcee) **- Name:** 'Flow logs should be configured for every virtual network'",
+          "AdditionalInformation": "On September 30, 2027, NSG flow logs will be retired, and creating new NSG flow logs has not been possible since June 30, 2025. Azure recommends migrating to virtual network flow logs, which address NSG flow log limitations. After retirement, traffic analytics using NSG flow logs will no longer be supported, and existing NSG flow log resources will be deleted. Previously collected NSG flow log records will remain available per their retention policies. For details, see the official announcement: https://azure.microsoft.com/en-gb/updates?id=Azure-NSG-flow-logs-Retirement.",
           "References": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/network-watcher/network-watcher-nsg-flow-logging-portal:https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/mcsb-logging-threat-detection#lt-4-enable-network-logging-for-security-investigation",
           "DefaultValue": "By default Network Security Group logs are not sent to Log Analytics."
         }

prowler/compliance/azure/prowler_threatscore_azure.json

@@ -709,17 +709,17 @@
     },
     {
       "Id": "3.1.8",
-      "Description": "Ensure that Network Security Group Flow logs are captured and sent to Log Analytics",
+      "Description": "Ensure that Network Watcher flow logs are captured and sent to Log Analytics",
       "Checks": [
         "network_flow_log_captured_sent"
       ],
       "Attributes": [
         {
-          "Title": "Network Security Group Flow logs are captured and sent to Log Analytics",
+          "Title": "Network Watcher flow logs are captured and sent to Log Analytics",
           "Section": "3. Logging and Monitoring",
           "SubSection": "3.1 Logging",
-          "AttributeDescription": "Ensure that network flow logs are collected and sent to a central Log Analytics workspace for monitoring and analysis.",
-          "AdditionalInformation": "Capturing network flow logs provides visibility into traffic patterns across your network, helping detect anomalies, potential lateral movement, and security threats. These logs integrate with Azure Monitor and Azure Sentinel, enabling advanced analytics and visualization for improved network security and incident response.",
+          "AttributeDescription": "Ensure that Network Watcher flow logs for supported targets, such as virtual networks and network security groups, are collected and sent to a central Log Analytics workspace for monitoring and analysis.",
+          "AdditionalInformation": "Capturing Network Watcher flow logs provides visibility into traffic patterns across your network, helping detect anomalies, potential lateral movement, and security threats. These logs integrate with Azure Monitor and Azure Sentinel, enabling advanced analytics and visualization for improved network security and incident response. For new deployments, prefer virtual network flow logs because NSG flow logs are on the retirement path.",
           "LevelOfRisk": 4,
           "Weight": 100
         }
@@ -763,17 +763,17 @@
     },
     {
       "Id": "3.2.1",
-      "Description": "Ensure that Network Security Group Flow Log retention period is 'greater than 90 days'",
+      "Description": "Ensure that Network Watcher flow log retention period is '0 or at least 90 days'",
       "Checks": [
         "network_flow_log_more_than_90_days"
       ],
       "Attributes": [
         {
-          "Title": "Network Security Group Flow Log retention period is 'greater than 90 days'",
+          "Title": "Network Watcher flow log retention period is '0 or at least 90 days'",
           "Section": "3. Logging and Monitoring",
           "SubSection": "3.2 Retention",
-          "AttributeDescription": "Enable Network Security Group (NSG) Flow Logs and configure the retention period to at least 90 days to capture and store IP traffic data for security monitoring and analysis.",
-          "AdditionalInformation": "NSG Flow Logs provide visibility into network traffic, helping detect anomalies, unauthorized access, and potential security breaches. Retaining logs for at least 90 days ensures that historical data is available for incident investigation, compliance, and forensic analysis, strengthening overall network security monitoring.",
+          "AttributeDescription": "Enable Network Watcher flow logs for supported targets, such as virtual networks and network security groups, and configure the retention period to 0 for unlimited retention or at least 90 days to capture and store IP traffic data for security monitoring and analysis.",
+          "AdditionalInformation": "Network Watcher flow logs provide visibility into network traffic, helping detect anomalies, unauthorized access, and potential security breaches. Retaining logs for 0 days (unlimited) or at least 90 days ensures that historical data is available for incident investigation, compliance, and forensic analysis, strengthening overall network security monitoring. For new deployments, prefer virtual network flow logs because NSG flow logs are on the retirement path.",
           "LevelOfRisk": 3,
           "Weight": 10
         }

prowler/config/config.py

@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ def get_available_compliance_frameworks(provider=None):
     providers = [p.value for p in Provider]
     if provider:
         providers = [provider]
-    for provider in providers:
-        compliance_dir = f"{actual_directory}/../compliance/{provider}"
+    for current_provider in providers:
+        compliance_dir = f"{actual_directory}/../compliance/{current_provider}"
         if not os.path.isdir(compliance_dir):
             continue
         with os.scandir(compliance_dir) as files:
@@ -97,7 +97,9 @@ def get_available_compliance_frameworks(provider=None):
                     available_compliance_frameworks.append(
                         file.name.removesuffix(".json")
                     )
-    # Also scan top-level compliance/ for multi-provider JSONs
+    # Also scan top-level compliance/ for multi-provider (universal) JSONs.
+    # When a specific provider was requested, only include the framework if it
+    # declares support for that provider; otherwise include all universal frameworks.
     compliance_root = f"{actual_directory}/../compliance"
     if os.path.isdir(compliance_root):
         with os.scandir(compliance_root) as files:

prowler/lib/check/check.py

@@ -299,12 +299,22 @@ def print_compliance_frameworks(
 def print_compliance_requirements(
     bulk_compliance_frameworks: dict, compliance_frameworks: list
 ):
+    from prowler.lib.check.compliance_models import ComplianceFramework
+
     for compliance_framework in compliance_frameworks:
         for key in bulk_compliance_frameworks.keys():
-            framework = bulk_compliance_frameworks[key].Framework
-            provider = bulk_compliance_frameworks[key].Provider
-            version = bulk_compliance_frameworks[key].Version
-            requirements = bulk_compliance_frameworks[key].Requirements
+            entry = bulk_compliance_frameworks[key]
+            is_universal = isinstance(entry, ComplianceFramework)
+            if is_universal:
+                framework = entry.framework
+                provider = entry.provider or "Multi-provider"
+                version = entry.version
+                requirements = entry.requirements
+            else:
+                framework = entry.Framework
+                provider = entry.Provider or "Multi-provider"
+                version = entry.Version
+                requirements = entry.Requirements
             # We can list the compliance requirements for a given framework using the
             # bulk_compliance_frameworks keys since they are the compliance specification file name
             if compliance_framework == key:
@@ -313,10 +323,23 @@ def print_compliance_requirements(
                 )
                 for requirement in requirements:
                     checks = ""
-                    for check in requirement.Checks:
-                        checks += f" {Fore.YELLOW}\t\t{check}\n{Style.RESET_ALL}"
+                    if is_universal:
+                        req_checks = requirement.checks
+                        req_id = requirement.id
+                        req_description = requirement.description
+                    else:
+                        req_checks = requirement.Checks
+                        req_id = requirement.Id
+                        req_description = requirement.Description
+                    if isinstance(req_checks, dict):
+                        for prov, check_list in req_checks.items():
+                            for check in check_list:
+                                checks += f" {Fore.YELLOW}\t\t[{prov}] {check}\n{Style.RESET_ALL}"
+                    else:
+                        for check in req_checks:
+                            checks += f" {Fore.YELLOW}\t\t{check}\n{Style.RESET_ALL}"
                     print(
-                        f"Requirement Id: {Fore.MAGENTA}{requirement.Id}{Style.RESET_ALL}\n\t- Description: {requirement.Description}\n\t- Checks:\n{checks}"
+                        f"Requirement Id: {Fore.MAGENTA}{req_id}{Style.RESET_ALL}\n\t- Description: {req_description}\n\t- Checks:\n{checks}"
                     )
 
 

prowler/lib/check/checks_loader.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ def load_checks_to_execute(
     categories: set = None,
     resource_groups: set = None,
     list_checks: bool = False,
+    universal_frameworks: dict = None,
 ) -> set:
     """Generate the list of checks to execute based on the cloud provider and the input arguments given"""
     try:
@@ -155,12 +156,21 @@ def load_checks_to_execute(
             if not bulk_compliance_frameworks:
                 bulk_compliance_frameworks = Compliance.get_bulk(provider=provider)
             for compliance_framework in compliance_frameworks:
-                checks_to_execute.update(
-                    CheckMetadata.list(
-                        bulk_compliance_frameworks=bulk_compliance_frameworks,
-                        compliance_framework=compliance_framework,
+                # Try universal frameworks first (snake_case dict-keyed checks)
+                if (
+                    universal_frameworks
+                    and compliance_framework in universal_frameworks
+                ):
+                    fw = universal_frameworks[compliance_framework]
+                    for req in fw.requirements:
+                        checks_to_execute.update(req.checks.get(provider.lower(), []))
+                elif compliance_framework in bulk_compliance_frameworks:
+                    checks_to_execute.update(
+                        CheckMetadata.list(
+                            bulk_compliance_frameworks=bulk_compliance_frameworks,
+                            compliance_framework=compliance_framework,
+                        )
                     )
-                )
 
         # Handle if there are categories passed using --categories
         elif categories:

prowler/lib/check/compliance_models.py

@@ -102,6 +102,48 @@ class CIS_Requirement_Attribute(BaseModel):
     References: str
 
 
+class EssentialEight_Requirement_Attribute_MaturityLevel(str, Enum):
+    """ASD Essential Eight Maturity Level"""
+
+    ML1 = "ML1"
+    ML2 = "ML2"
+    ML3 = "ML3"
+
+
+class EssentialEight_Requirement_Attribute_AssessmentStatus(str, Enum):
+    """Essential Eight Requirement Attribute Assessment Status"""
+
+    Manual = "Manual"
+    Automated = "Automated"
+
+
+class EssentialEight_Requirement_Attribute_CloudApplicability(str, Enum):
+    """How well the ASD control maps to AWS cloud infrastructure."""
+
+    Full = "full"
+    Partial = "partial"
+    Limited = "limited"
+    NonApplicable = "non-applicable"
+
+
+# Essential Eight Requirement Attribute
+class EssentialEight_Requirement_Attribute(BaseModel):
+    """ASD Essential Eight Requirement Attribute"""
+
+    Section: str
+    MaturityLevel: EssentialEight_Requirement_Attribute_MaturityLevel
+    AssessmentStatus: EssentialEight_Requirement_Attribute_AssessmentStatus
+    CloudApplicability: EssentialEight_Requirement_Attribute_CloudApplicability
+    MitigatedThreats: list[str]
+    Description: str
+    RationaleStatement: str
+    ImpactStatement: str
+    RemediationProcedure: str
+    AuditProcedure: str
+    AdditionalInformation: str
+    References: str
+
+
 # Well Architected Requirement Attribute
 class AWS_Well_Architected_Requirement_Attribute(BaseModel):
     """AWS Well Architected Requirement Attribute"""
@@ -250,6 +292,7 @@ class Compliance_Requirement(BaseModel):
     Name: Optional[str] = None
     Attributes: list[
         Union[
+            EssentialEight_Requirement_Attribute,
             CIS_Requirement_Attribute,
             ENS_Requirement_Attribute,
             ISO27001_2013_Requirement_Attribute,

prowler/lib/check/models.py

@@ -62,6 +62,9 @@ VALID_CATEGORIES = frozenset(
         "e5",
         "privilege-escalation",
         "ec2-imdsv1",
+        "vercel-hobby-plan",
+        "vercel-pro-plan",
+        "vercel-enterprise-plan",
     }
 )
 
@@ -244,14 +247,15 @@ class CheckMetadata(BaseModel):
     # store the compliance later if supplied
     Compliance: Optional[list[Any]] = Field(default_factory=list)
 
+    # TODO: Remove noqa and fix cls vulture errors
     @validator("Categories", each_item=True, pre=True, always=True)
-    def valid_category(cls, value, values):
+    def valid_category(cls, value, values):  # noqa: F841
         if not isinstance(value, str):
             raise ValueError("Categories must be a list of strings")
         value_lower = value.lower()
         if not re.match("^[a-z0-9-]+$", value_lower):
             raise ValueError(
-                f"Invalid category: {value}. Categories can only contain lowercase letters, numbers and hyphen '-'"
+                f"Invalid category: {value}. Categories can only contain lowercase letters, numbers, and hyphen '-'"
             )
         if (
             value_lower not in VALID_CATEGORIES
@@ -279,7 +283,7 @@ class CheckMetadata(BaseModel):
         return resource_type
 
     @validator("ServiceName", pre=True, always=True)
-    def validate_service_name(cls, service_name, values):
+    def validate_service_name(cls, service_name, values):  # noqa: F841
         if not service_name:
             raise ValueError("ServiceName must be a non-empty string")
 
@@ -296,7 +300,7 @@ class CheckMetadata(BaseModel):
         return service_name
 
     @validator("CheckID", pre=True, always=True)
-    def valid_check_id(cls, check_id, values):
+    def valid_check_id(cls, check_id, values):  # noqa: F841
         if not check_id:
             raise ValueError("CheckID must be a non-empty string")
 
@@ -309,7 +313,7 @@ class CheckMetadata(BaseModel):
         return check_id
 
     @validator("CheckTitle", pre=True, always=True)
-    def validate_check_title(cls, check_title, values):
+    def validate_check_title(cls, check_title, values):  # noqa: F841
         if values.get("Provider") not in EXTERNAL_TOOL_PROVIDERS:
             if len(check_title) > 150:
                 raise ValueError(
@@ -322,13 +326,13 @@ class CheckMetadata(BaseModel):
         return check_title
 
     @validator("RelatedUrl", pre=True, always=True)
-    def validate_related_url(cls, related_url, values):
+    def validate_related_url(cls, related_url, values):  # noqa: F841
         if related_url and values.get("Provider") not in EXTERNAL_TOOL_PROVIDERS:
             raise ValueError("RelatedUrl must be empty. This field is deprecated.")
         return related_url
 
     @validator("Remediation")
-    def validate_recommendation_url(cls, remediation, values):
+    def validate_recommendation_url(cls, remediation, values):  # noqa: F841
         if values.get("Provider") not in EXTERNAL_TOOL_PROVIDERS:
             url = remediation.Recommendation.Url
             if url and not url.startswith("https://hub.prowler.com/"):
@@ -338,7 +342,7 @@ class CheckMetadata(BaseModel):
         return remediation
 
     @validator("CheckType", pre=True, always=True)
-    def validate_check_type(cls, check_type, values):
+    def validate_check_type(cls, check_type, values):  # noqa: F841
         provider = values.get("Provider", "").lower()
 
         # Non-AWS providers must have an empty CheckType list
@@ -367,7 +371,7 @@ class CheckMetadata(BaseModel):
         return check_type
 
     @validator("Description", pre=True, always=True)
-    def validate_description(cls, description, values):
+    def validate_description(cls, description, values):  # noqa: F841
         if values.get("Provider") not in EXTERNAL_TOOL_PROVIDERS:
             if len(description) > 400:
                 raise ValueError(
@@ -376,7 +380,7 @@ class CheckMetadata(BaseModel):
         return description
 
     @validator("Risk", pre=True, always=True)
-    def validate_risk(cls, risk, values):
+    def validate_risk(cls, risk, values):  # noqa: F841
         if values.get("Provider") not in EXTERNAL_TOOL_PROVIDERS:
             if len(risk) > 400:
                 raise ValueError(
@@ -385,7 +389,7 @@ class CheckMetadata(BaseModel):
         return risk
 
     @validator("ResourceGroup", pre=True, always=True)
-    def validate_resource_group(cls, resource_group):
+    def validate_resource_group(cls, resource_group):  # noqa: F841
         if resource_group and resource_group not in VALID_RESOURCE_GROUPS:
             raise ValueError(
                 f"Invalid ResourceGroup: '{resource_group}'. Must be one of: {', '.join(sorted(VALID_RESOURCE_GROUPS))} or empty string."
@@ -393,7 +397,7 @@ class CheckMetadata(BaseModel):
         return resource_group
 
     @validator("AdditionalURLs", pre=True, always=True)
-    def validate_additional_urls(cls, additional_urls):
+    def validate_additional_urls(cls, additional_urls):  # noqa: F841
         if not isinstance(additional_urls, list):
             raise ValueError("AdditionalURLs must be a list")
 

prowler/lib/outputs/compliance/compliance.py

@@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
 import sys
 
-from prowler.lib.check.models import Check_Report
 from prowler.lib.logger import logger
 from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.c5.c5 import get_c5_table
 from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.ccc.ccc import get_ccc_table
 from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.cis.cis import get_cis_table
+from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.compliance_check import (  # noqa: F401 - re-export for backward compatibility
+    get_check_compliance,
+)
 from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.csa.csa import get_csa_table
 from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.ens.ens import get_ens_table
+from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.essential_eight.essential_eight import (
+    get_essential_eight_table,
+)
 from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.generic.generic_table import (
     get_generic_compliance_table,
 )
@@ -17,6 +22,94 @@ from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.mitre_attack.mitre_attack import (
 from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.prowler_threatscore.prowler_threatscore import (
     get_prowler_threatscore_table,
 )
+from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.universal.universal_table import get_universal_table
+
+
+def process_universal_compliance_frameworks(
+    input_compliance_frameworks: set,
+    universal_frameworks: dict,
+    finding_outputs: list,
+    output_directory: str,
+    output_filename: str,
+    provider: str,
+    generated_outputs: dict,
+) -> set:
+    """Process universal compliance frameworks, generating CSV and OCSF outputs.
+
+    For each framework in *input_compliance_frameworks* that exists in
+    *universal_frameworks* and has an outputs.table_config, this function
+    creates both a CSV (UniversalComplianceOutput) and an OCSF JSON
+    (OCSFComplianceOutput) file.  OCSF is always generated regardless of
+    the user's ``--output-formats`` flag.
+
+    The function is idempotent: it tracks already-created writers via
+    ``generated_outputs["compliance"]`` keyed by ``file_path``. If invoked
+    again for the same framework (e.g. once per streaming batch), it
+    reuses the existing writer instead of recreating it. This guarantees
+    one output writer per framework for the whole execution and keeps
+    the OCSF JSON array valid across multiple calls.
+
+    Returns the set of framework names that were processed so the caller
+    can remove them before entering the legacy per-provider output loop.
+    """
+    from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.universal.ocsf_compliance import (
+        OCSFComplianceOutput,
+    )
+    from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.universal.universal_output import (
+        UniversalComplianceOutput,
+    )
+
+    existing_writers = {
+        getattr(out, "file_path", None): out
+        for out in generated_outputs.get("compliance", [])
+        if isinstance(out, (UniversalComplianceOutput, OCSFComplianceOutput))
+    }
+
+    processed = set()
+    for compliance_name in input_compliance_frameworks:
+        if not (
+            compliance_name in universal_frameworks
+            and universal_frameworks[compliance_name].outputs
+            and universal_frameworks[compliance_name].outputs.table_config
+        ):
+            continue
+
+        fw = universal_frameworks[compliance_name]
+
+        # CSV output
+        csv_path = (
+            f"{output_directory}/compliance/" f"{output_filename}_{compliance_name}.csv"
+        )
+        if csv_path not in existing_writers:
+            output = UniversalComplianceOutput(
+                findings=finding_outputs,
+                framework=fw,
+                file_path=csv_path,
+                provider=provider,
+            )
+            generated_outputs["compliance"].append(output)
+            existing_writers[csv_path] = output
+            output.batch_write_data_to_file()
+
+        # OCSF output (always generated for universal frameworks)
+        ocsf_path = (
+            f"{output_directory}/compliance/"
+            f"{output_filename}_{compliance_name}.ocsf.json"
+        )
+        if ocsf_path not in existing_writers:
+            ocsf_output = OCSFComplianceOutput(
+                findings=finding_outputs,
+                framework=fw,
+                file_path=ocsf_path,
+                provider=provider,
+            )
+            generated_outputs["compliance"].append(ocsf_output)
+            existing_writers[ocsf_path] = ocsf_output
+            ocsf_output.batch_write_data_to_file()
+
+        processed.add(compliance_name)
+
+    return processed
 
 
 def display_compliance_table(
@@ -26,6 +119,9 @@ def display_compliance_table(
     output_filename: str,
     output_directory: str,
     compliance_overview: bool,
+    universal_frameworks: dict = None,
+    provider: str = None,
+    output_formats: list = None,
 ) -> None:
     """
     display_compliance_table generates the compliance table for the given compliance framework.
@@ -37,6 +133,9 @@ def display_compliance_table(
         output_filename (str): The output filename
         output_directory (str): The output directory
         compliance_overview (bool): The compliance
+        universal_frameworks (dict): Optional universal ComplianceFramework objects
+        provider (str): The current provider (e.g. "aws") for multi-provider filtering
+        output_formats (list): The output formats to generate
 
     Returns:
         None
@@ -45,16 +144,24 @@ def display_compliance_table(
     findings = [f for f in findings if f.check_metadata.CheckID in bulk_checks_metadata]
 
     try:
-        if "ens_" in compliance_framework:
-            get_ens_table(
-                findings,
-                bulk_checks_metadata,
-                compliance_framework,
-                output_filename,
-                output_directory,
-                compliance_overview,
-            )
-        elif "cis_" in compliance_framework:
+        # Universal path: if the framework has TableConfig, use the universal renderer
+        if universal_frameworks and compliance_framework in universal_frameworks:
+            fw = universal_frameworks[compliance_framework]
+            if fw.outputs and fw.outputs.table_config:
+                get_universal_table(
+                    findings,
+                    bulk_checks_metadata,
+                    compliance_framework,
+                    output_filename,
+                    output_directory,
+                    compliance_overview,
+                    framework=fw,
+                    provider=provider,
+                    output_formats=output_formats,
+                )
+                return
+
+        if compliance_framework.startswith("cis_"):
             get_cis_table(
                 findings,
                 bulk_checks_metadata,
@@ -63,7 +170,16 @@ def display_compliance_table(
                 output_directory,
                 compliance_overview,
             )
-        elif "mitre_attack" in compliance_framework:
+        elif compliance_framework.startswith("ens_"):
+            get_ens_table(
+                findings,
+                bulk_checks_metadata,
+                compliance_framework,
+                output_filename,
+                output_directory,
+                compliance_overview,
+            )
+        elif compliance_framework.startswith("mitre_attack"):
             get_mitre_attack_table(
                 findings,
                 bulk_checks_metadata,
@@ -72,7 +188,7 @@ def display_compliance_table(
                 output_directory,
                 compliance_overview,
             )
-        elif "kisa_isms_" in compliance_framework:
+        elif compliance_framework.startswith("kisa"):
             get_kisa_ismsp_table(
                 findings,
                 bulk_checks_metadata,
@@ -81,7 +197,7 @@ def display_compliance_table(
                 output_directory,
                 compliance_overview,
             )
-        elif "threatscore_" in compliance_framework:
+        elif compliance_framework.startswith("prowler_threatscore_"):
             get_prowler_threatscore_table(
                 findings,
                 bulk_checks_metadata,
@@ -90,7 +206,7 @@ def display_compliance_table(
                 output_directory,
                 compliance_overview,
             )
-        elif "csa_ccm_" in compliance_framework:
+        elif compliance_framework.startswith("csa_ccm_"):
             get_csa_table(
                 findings,
                 bulk_checks_metadata,
@@ -99,7 +215,7 @@ def display_compliance_table(
                 output_directory,
                 compliance_overview,
             )
-        elif "c5_" in compliance_framework:
+        elif compliance_framework.startswith("c5_"):
             get_c5_table(
                 findings,
                 bulk_checks_metadata,
@@ -117,6 +233,15 @@ def display_compliance_table(
                 output_directory,
                 compliance_overview,
             )
+        elif "essential_eight" in compliance_framework:
+            get_essential_eight_table(
+                findings,
+                bulk_checks_metadata,
+                compliance_framework,
+                output_filename,
+                output_directory,
+                compliance_overview,
+            )
         else:
             get_generic_compliance_table(
                 findings,
@@ -131,49 +256,3 @@ def display_compliance_table(
             f"{error.__class__.__name__}:{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno} -- {error}"
         )
         sys.exit(1)
-
-
-# TODO: this should be in the Check class
-def get_check_compliance(
-    finding: Check_Report, provider_type: str, bulk_checks_metadata: dict
-) -> dict:
-    """get_check_compliance returns a map with the compliance framework as key and the requirements where the finding's check is present.
-
-        Example:
-
-    {
-        "CIS-1.4": ["2.1.3"],
-        "CIS-1.5": ["2.1.3"],
-    }
-
-    Args:
-        finding (Any): The Check_Report finding
-        provider_type (str): The provider type
-        bulk_checks_metadata (dict): The bulk checks metadata
-
-    Returns:
-        dict: The compliance framework as key and the requirements where the finding's check is present.
-    """
-    try:
-        check_compliance = {}
-        # We have to retrieve all the check's compliance requirements
-        if finding.check_metadata.CheckID in bulk_checks_metadata:
-            for compliance in bulk_checks_metadata[
-                finding.check_metadata.CheckID
-            ].Compliance:
-                compliance_fw = compliance.Framework
-                if compliance.Version:
-                    compliance_fw = f"{compliance_fw}-{compliance.Version}"
-                # compliance.Provider == "Azure" or "Kubernetes"
-                # provider_type == "azure" or "kubernetes"
-                if compliance.Provider.upper() == provider_type.upper():
-                    if compliance_fw not in check_compliance:
-                        check_compliance[compliance_fw] = []
-                    for requirement in compliance.Requirements:
-                        check_compliance[compliance_fw].append(requirement.Id)
-        return check_compliance
-    except Exception as error:
-        logger.error(
-            f"{error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}] -- {error}"
-        )
-        return {}

prowler/lib/outputs/compliance/compliance_check.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+from prowler.lib.check.models import Check_Report
+from prowler.lib.logger import logger
+
+
+# TODO: this should be in the Check class
+def get_check_compliance(
+    finding: Check_Report, provider_type: str, bulk_checks_metadata: dict
+) -> dict:
+    """get_check_compliance returns a map with the compliance framework as key and the requirements where the finding's check is present.
+
+        Example:
+
+    {
+        "CIS-1.4": ["2.1.3"],
+        "CIS-1.5": ["2.1.3"],
+    }
+
+    Args:
+        finding (Any): The Check_Report finding
+        provider_type (str): The provider type
+        bulk_checks_metadata (dict): The bulk checks metadata
+
+    Returns:
+        dict: The compliance framework as key and the requirements where the finding's check is present.
+    """
+    try:
+        check_compliance = {}
+        # We have to retrieve all the check's compliance requirements
+        if finding.check_metadata.CheckID in bulk_checks_metadata:
+            for compliance in bulk_checks_metadata[
+                finding.check_metadata.CheckID
+            ].Compliance:
+                compliance_fw = compliance.Framework
+                if compliance.Version:
+                    compliance_fw = f"{compliance_fw}-{compliance.Version}"
+                # compliance.Provider == "Azure" or "Kubernetes"
+                # provider_type == "azure" or "kubernetes"
+                if compliance.Provider.upper() == provider_type.upper():
+                    if compliance_fw not in check_compliance:
+                        check_compliance[compliance_fw] = []
+                    for requirement in compliance.Requirements:
+                        check_compliance[compliance_fw].append(requirement.Id)
+        return check_compliance
+    except Exception as error:
+        logger.error(
+            f"{error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}] -- {error}"
+        )
+        return {}

prowler/lib/outputs/compliance/essential_eight/essential_eight.py

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+from colorama import Fore, Style
+from tabulate import tabulate
+
+from prowler.config.config import orange_color
+
+
+def get_essential_eight_table(
+    findings: list,
+    bulk_checks_metadata: dict,
+    compliance_framework: str,
+    output_filename: str,
+    output_directory: str,
+    compliance_overview: bool,
+):
+    sections = {}
+    essential_eight_compliance_table = {
+        "Provider": [],
+        "Section": [],
+        "Status": [],
+        "Muted": [],
+    }
+    pass_count = []
+    fail_count = []
+    muted_count = []
+    for index, finding in enumerate(findings):
+        check = bulk_checks_metadata[finding.check_metadata.CheckID]
+        check_compliances = check.Compliance
+        for compliance in check_compliances:
+            if compliance.Framework == "Essential-Eight":
+                for requirement in compliance.Requirements:
+                    for attribute in requirement.Attributes:
+                        section = attribute.Section
+                        if section not in sections:
+                            sections[section] = {
+                                "FAIL": 0,
+                                "PASS": 0,
+                                "Muted": 0,
+                            }
+                        if finding.muted:
+                            if index not in muted_count:
+                                muted_count.append(index)
+                                sections[section]["Muted"] += 1
+                        else:
+                            if finding.status == "FAIL" and index not in fail_count:
+                                fail_count.append(index)
+                                sections[section]["FAIL"] += 1
+                            elif finding.status == "PASS" and index not in pass_count:
+                                pass_count.append(index)
+                                sections[section]["PASS"] += 1
+
+    sections = dict(sorted(sections.items()))
+    for section in sections:
+        essential_eight_compliance_table["Provider"].append(compliance.Provider)
+        essential_eight_compliance_table["Section"].append(section)
+        if sections[section]["FAIL"] > 0:
+            essential_eight_compliance_table["Status"].append(
+                f"{Fore.RED}FAIL({sections[section]['FAIL']}){Style.RESET_ALL}"
+            )
+        elif sections[section]["PASS"] > 0:
+            essential_eight_compliance_table["Status"].append(
+                f"{Fore.GREEN}PASS({sections[section]['PASS']}){Style.RESET_ALL}"
+            )
+        else:
+            essential_eight_compliance_table["Status"].append("-")
+        essential_eight_compliance_table["Muted"].append(
+            f"{orange_color}{sections[section]['Muted']}{Style.RESET_ALL}"
+        )
+    if len(fail_count) + len(pass_count) + len(muted_count) > 1:
+        print(
+            f"\nCompliance Status of {Fore.YELLOW}{compliance_framework.upper()}{Style.RESET_ALL} Framework:"
+        )
+        total_findings_count = len(fail_count) + len(pass_count) + len(muted_count)
+        overview_table = [
+            [
+                f"{Fore.RED}{round(len(fail_count) / total_findings_count * 100, 2)}% ({len(fail_count)}) FAIL{Style.RESET_ALL}",
+                f"{Fore.GREEN}{round(len(pass_count) / total_findings_count * 100, 2)}% ({len(pass_count)}) PASS{Style.RESET_ALL}",
+                f"{orange_color}{round(len(muted_count) / total_findings_count * 100, 2)}% ({len(muted_count)}) MUTED{Style.RESET_ALL}",
+            ]
+        ]
+        print(tabulate(overview_table, tablefmt="rounded_grid"))
+        if not compliance_overview:
+            print(
+                f"\nFramework {Fore.YELLOW}{compliance_framework.upper()}{Style.RESET_ALL} Results:"
+            )
+            print(
+                tabulate(
+                    essential_eight_compliance_table,
+                    headers="keys",
+                    tablefmt="rounded_grid",
+                )
+            )
+            print(
+                f"{Style.BRIGHT}* Only sections containing results appear.{Style.RESET_ALL}"
+            )
+            print(f"\nDetailed results of {compliance_framework.upper()} are in:")
+            print(
+                f" - CSV: {output_directory}/compliance/{output_filename}_{compliance_framework}.csv\n"
+            )

prowler/lib/outputs/compliance/essential_eight/essential_eight_aws.py

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+from prowler.config.config import timestamp
+from prowler.lib.check.compliance_models import Compliance
+from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.compliance_output import ComplianceOutput
+from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.essential_eight.models import (
+    EssentialEightAWSModel,
+)
+from prowler.lib.outputs.finding import Finding
+
+
+class EssentialEightAWS(ComplianceOutput):
+    """
+    This class represents the AWS ASD Essential Eight compliance output.
+
+    Attributes:
+        - _data (list): A list to store transformed data from findings.
+        - _file_descriptor (TextIOWrapper): A file descriptor to write data to a file.
+
+    Methods:
+        - transform: Transforms findings into AWS Essential Eight compliance format.
+    """
+
+    def transform(
+        self,
+        findings: list[Finding],
+        compliance: Compliance,
+        compliance_name: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Transforms a list of findings into AWS Essential Eight compliance format.
+
+        Parameters:
+            - findings (list): A list of findings.
+            - compliance (Compliance): A compliance model.
+            - compliance_name (str): The name of the compliance model.
+
+        Returns:
+            - None
+        """
+        for finding in findings:
+            finding_requirements = finding.compliance.get(compliance_name, [])
+            for requirement in compliance.Requirements:
+                if requirement.Id in finding_requirements:
+                    for attribute in requirement.Attributes:
+                        compliance_row = EssentialEightAWSModel(
+                            Provider=finding.provider,
+                            Description=compliance.Description,
+                            AccountId=finding.account_uid,
+                            Region=finding.region,
+                            AssessmentDate=str(timestamp),
+                            Requirements_Id=requirement.Id,
+                            Requirements_Description=requirement.Description,
+                            Requirements_Attributes_Section=attribute.Section,
+                            Requirements_Attributes_MaturityLevel=attribute.MaturityLevel,
+                            Requirements_Attributes_AssessmentStatus=attribute.AssessmentStatus,
+                            Requirements_Attributes_CloudApplicability=attribute.CloudApplicability,
+                            Requirements_Attributes_MitigatedThreats=", ".join(
+                                attribute.MitigatedThreats
+                            ),
+                            Requirements_Attributes_Description=attribute.Description,
+                            Requirements_Attributes_RationaleStatement=attribute.RationaleStatement,
+                            Requirements_Attributes_ImpactStatement=attribute.ImpactStatement,
+                            Requirements_Attributes_RemediationProcedure=attribute.RemediationProcedure,
+                            Requirements_Attributes_AuditProcedure=attribute.AuditProcedure,
+                            Requirements_Attributes_AdditionalInformation=attribute.AdditionalInformation,
+                            Requirements_Attributes_References=attribute.References,
+                            Status=finding.status,
+                            StatusExtended=finding.status_extended,
+                            ResourceId=finding.resource_uid,
+                            ResourceName=finding.resource_name,
+                            CheckId=finding.check_id,
+                            Muted=finding.muted,
+                            Framework=compliance.Framework,
+                            Name=compliance.Name,
+                        )
+                        self._data.append(compliance_row)
+        # Add manual requirements to the compliance output
+        for requirement in compliance.Requirements:
+            if not requirement.Checks:
+                for attribute in requirement.Attributes:
+                    compliance_row = EssentialEightAWSModel(
+                        Provider=compliance.Provider.lower(),
+                        Description=compliance.Description,
+                        AccountId="",
+                        Region="",
+                        AssessmentDate=str(timestamp),
+                        Requirements_Id=requirement.Id,
+                        Requirements_Description=requirement.Description,
+                        Requirements_Attributes_Section=attribute.Section,
+                        Requirements_Attributes_MaturityLevel=attribute.MaturityLevel,
+                        Requirements_Attributes_AssessmentStatus=attribute.AssessmentStatus,
+                        Requirements_Attributes_CloudApplicability=attribute.CloudApplicability,
+                        Requirements_Attributes_MitigatedThreats=", ".join(
+                            attribute.MitigatedThreats
+                        ),
+                        Requirements_Attributes_Description=attribute.Description,
+                        Requirements_Attributes_RationaleStatement=attribute.RationaleStatement,
+                        Requirements_Attributes_ImpactStatement=attribute.ImpactStatement,
+                        Requirements_Attributes_RemediationProcedure=attribute.RemediationProcedure,
+                        Requirements_Attributes_AuditProcedure=attribute.AuditProcedure,
+                        Requirements_Attributes_AdditionalInformation=attribute.AdditionalInformation,
+                        Requirements_Attributes_References=attribute.References,
+                        Status="MANUAL",
+                        StatusExtended="Manual check",
+                        ResourceId="manual_check",
+                        ResourceName="Manual check",
+                        CheckId="manual",
+                        Muted=False,
+                        Framework=compliance.Framework,
+                        Name=compliance.Name,
+                    )
+                    self._data.append(compliance_row)

prowler/lib/outputs/compliance/essential_eight/models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from pydantic.v1 import BaseModel
+
+
+class EssentialEightAWSModel(BaseModel):
+    """
+    EssentialEightAWSModel generates a finding's output in AWS ASD Essential Eight Compliance format.
+    """
+
+    Provider: str
+    Description: str
+    AccountId: str
+    Region: str
+    AssessmentDate: str
+    Requirements_Id: str
+    Requirements_Description: str
+    Requirements_Attributes_Section: str
+    Requirements_Attributes_MaturityLevel: str
+    Requirements_Attributes_AssessmentStatus: str
+    Requirements_Attributes_CloudApplicability: str
+    Requirements_Attributes_MitigatedThreats: str
+    Requirements_Attributes_Description: str
+    Requirements_Attributes_RationaleStatement: str
+    Requirements_Attributes_ImpactStatement: str
+    Requirements_Attributes_RemediationProcedure: str
+    Requirements_Attributes_AuditProcedure: str
+    Requirements_Attributes_AdditionalInformation: str
+    Requirements_Attributes_References: str
+    Status: str
+    StatusExtended: str
+    ResourceId: str
+    ResourceName: str
+    CheckId: str
+    Muted: bool
+    Framework: str
+    Name: str

prowler/lib/outputs/compliance/universal/ocsf_compliance.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+import json
 import os
 from datetime import datetime
-from typing import List
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List
 
 from py_ocsf_models.events.base_event import SeverityID
 from py_ocsf_models.events.base_event import StatusID as EventStatusID
@@ -20,11 +21,12 @@ from py_ocsf_models.objects.resource_details import ResourceDetails
 from prowler.config.config import prowler_version
 from prowler.lib.check.compliance_models import ComplianceFramework
 from prowler.lib.logger import logger
-from prowler.lib.outputs.finding import Finding
-from prowler.lib.outputs.ocsf.ocsf import OCSF
 from prowler.lib.outputs.utils import unroll_dict_to_list
 from prowler.lib.utils.utils import open_file
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from prowler.lib.outputs.finding import Finding
+
 PROWLER_TO_COMPLIANCE_STATUS = {
     "PASS": ComplianceStatusID.Pass,
     "FAIL": ComplianceStatusID.Fail,
@@ -32,6 +34,40 @@ PROWLER_TO_COMPLIANCE_STATUS = {
 }
 
 
+def _sanitize_resource_data(resource_details, resource_metadata) -> dict:
+    """Ensure resource data is JSON-serializable.
+
+    Service resource_metadata may carry non-serializable objects (e.g. raw
+    Pydantic models or service classes such as ``Trail`` / ``LifecyclePolicy``).
+    Convert them to plain dicts and roundtrip through JSON so the resulting
+    ComplianceFinding can be serialized without errors.
+    """
+
+    def _make_serializable(obj):
+        if hasattr(obj, "model_dump") and callable(obj.model_dump):
+            return _make_serializable(obj.model_dump())
+        if hasattr(obj, "dict") and callable(obj.dict):
+            return _make_serializable(obj.dict())
+        if isinstance(obj, dict):
+            return {str(k): _make_serializable(v) for k, v in obj.items()}
+        if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
+            return [_make_serializable(v) for v in obj]
+        return obj
+
+    try:
+        converted = _make_serializable(resource_metadata)
+        sanitized_metadata = json.loads(json.dumps(converted, default=str))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError, RecursionError) as error:
+        logger.warning(
+            f"Failed to serialize resource metadata, defaulting to empty: {error}"
+        )
+        sanitized_metadata = {}
+    return {
+        "details": resource_details,
+        "metadata": sanitized_metadata,
+    }
+
+
 def _to_snake_case(name: str) -> str:
     """Convert a PascalCase or camelCase string to snake_case."""
     import re
@@ -108,7 +144,7 @@ class OCSFComplianceOutput:
 
     def _transform(
         self,
-        findings: List[Finding],
+        findings: List["Finding"],
         framework: ComplianceFramework,
         compliance_name: str,
     ) -> None:
@@ -177,7 +213,7 @@ class OCSFComplianceOutput:
 
     def _build_compliance_finding(
         self,
-        finding: Finding,
+        finding: "Finding",
         framework: ComplianceFramework,
         requirement,
         compliance_name: str,
@@ -195,7 +231,9 @@ class OCSFComplianceOutput:
                 finding.metadata.Severity.capitalize(),
                 SeverityID.Unknown,
             )
-            event_status = OCSF.get_finding_status_id(finding.muted)
+            event_status = (
+                EventStatusID.Suppressed if finding.muted else EventStatusID.New
+            )
 
             time_value = (
                 int(finding.timestamp.timestamp())
@@ -268,10 +306,10 @@ class OCSFComplianceOutput:
                             if finding.provider == "kubernetes"
                             else None
                         ),
-                        data={
-                            "details": finding.resource_details,
-                            "metadata": finding.resource_metadata,
-                        },
+                        data=_sanitize_resource_data(
+                            finding.resource_details,
+                            finding.resource_metadata,
+                        ),
                     )
                 ],
                 severity_id=finding_severity.value,

prowler/lib/outputs/compliance/universal/universal_output.py

@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+from csv import DictWriter
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+
+from pydantic.v1 import create_model
+
+from prowler.config.config import timestamp
+from prowler.lib.check.compliance_models import ComplianceFramework
+from prowler.lib.logger import logger
+from prowler.lib.utils.utils import open_file
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from prowler.lib.outputs.finding import Finding
+
+PROVIDER_HEADER_MAP = {
+    "aws": ("AccountId", "account_uid", "Region", "region"),
+    "azure": ("SubscriptionId", "account_uid", "Location", "region"),
+    "gcp": ("ProjectId", "account_uid", "Location", "region"),
+    "kubernetes": ("Context", "account_name", "Namespace", "region"),
+    "m365": ("TenantId", "account_uid", "Location", "region"),
+    "github": ("Account_Name", "account_name", "Account_Id", "account_uid"),
+    "oraclecloud": ("TenancyId", "account_uid", "Region", "region"),
+    "alibabacloud": ("AccountId", "account_uid", "Region", "region"),
+    "nhn": ("AccountId", "account_uid", "Region", "region"),
+}
+_DEFAULT_HEADERS = ("AccountId", "account_uid", "Region", "region")
+
+
+class UniversalComplianceOutput:
+    """Universal compliance CSV output driven by ComplianceFramework metadata.
+
+    Dynamically builds a Pydantic row model from attributes_metadata so that
+    CSV columns match the framework's declared attribute fields.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        findings: list,
+        framework: ComplianceFramework,
+        file_path: str = None,
+        from_cli: bool = True,
+        provider: str = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._data = []
+        self._file_descriptor = None
+        self.file_path = file_path
+        self._from_cli = from_cli
+        self._provider = provider
+        self.close_file = False
+
+        if file_path:
+            path_obj = Path(file_path)
+            self._file_extension = path_obj.suffix if path_obj.suffix else ""
+
+        if findings:
+            self._row_model = self._build_row_model(framework)
+            compliance_name = (
+                framework.framework + "-" + framework.version
+                if framework.version
+                else framework.framework
+            )
+            self._transform(findings, framework, compliance_name)
+            if not self._file_descriptor and file_path:
+                self._create_file_descriptor(file_path)
+
+    @property
+    def data(self):
+        return self._data
+
+    def _build_row_model(self, framework: ComplianceFramework):
+        """Build a dynamic Pydantic model from attributes_metadata."""
+        acct_header, acct_field, loc_header, loc_field = PROVIDER_HEADER_MAP.get(
+            (self._provider or "").lower(), _DEFAULT_HEADERS
+        )
+        self._acct_header = acct_header
+        self._acct_field = acct_field
+        self._loc_header = loc_header
+        self._loc_field = loc_field
+
+        # Base fields present in every compliance CSV
+        fields = {
+            "Provider": (str, ...),
+            "Description": (str, ...),
+            acct_header: (str, ...),
+            loc_header: (str, ...),
+            "AssessmentDate": (str, ...),
+            "Requirements_Id": (str, ...),
+            "Requirements_Description": (str, ...),
+        }
+
+        # Dynamic attribute columns from metadata
+        if framework.attributes_metadata:
+            for attr_meta in framework.attributes_metadata:
+                if not attr_meta.output_formats.csv:
+                    continue
+                field_name = f"Requirements_Attributes_{attr_meta.key}"
+                # Map type strings to Python types
+                type_map = {
+                    "str": Optional[str],
+                    "int": Optional[int],
+                    "float": Optional[float],
+                    "bool": Optional[bool],
+                    "list_str": Optional[str],  # Serialized as joined string
+                    "list_dict": Optional[str],  # Serialized as string
+                }
+                py_type = type_map.get(attr_meta.type, Optional[str])
+                fields[field_name] = (py_type, None)
+
+        # Check if any requirement has MITRE fields
+        has_mitre = any(req.tactics for req in framework.requirements if req.tactics)
+        if has_mitre:
+            fields["Requirements_Tactics"] = (Optional[str], None)
+            fields["Requirements_SubTechniques"] = (Optional[str], None)
+            fields["Requirements_Platforms"] = (Optional[str], None)
+            fields["Requirements_TechniqueURL"] = (Optional[str], None)
+
+        # Trailing fields
+        fields["Status"] = (str, ...)
+        fields["StatusExtended"] = (str, ...)
+        fields["ResourceId"] = (str, ...)
+        fields["ResourceName"] = (str, ...)
+        fields["CheckId"] = (str, ...)
+        fields["Muted"] = (bool, ...)
+        fields["Framework"] = (str, ...)
+        fields["Name"] = (str, ...)
+
+        return create_model("UniversalComplianceRow", **fields)
+
+    def _serialize_attr_value(self, value):
+        """Serialize attribute values for CSV."""
+        if isinstance(value, list):
+            if value and isinstance(value[0], dict):
+                return str(value)
+            return " | ".join(str(v) for v in value)
+        return value
+
+    def _build_row(self, finding, framework, requirement, is_manual=False):
+        """Build a single row dict for a finding + requirement combination."""
+        row = {
+            "Provider": (
+                finding.provider
+                if not is_manual
+                else (framework.provider or self._provider or "").lower()
+            ),
+            "Description": framework.description,
+            self._acct_header: (
+                getattr(finding, self._acct_field, "") if not is_manual else ""
+            ),
+            self._loc_header: (
+                getattr(finding, self._loc_field, "") if not is_manual else ""
+            ),
+            "AssessmentDate": str(timestamp),
+            "Requirements_Id": requirement.id,
+            "Requirements_Description": requirement.description,
+        }
+
+        # Add dynamic attribute columns
+        if framework.attributes_metadata:
+            for attr_meta in framework.attributes_metadata:
+                if not attr_meta.output_formats.csv:
+                    continue
+                field_name = f"Requirements_Attributes_{attr_meta.key}"
+                raw_val = requirement.attributes.get(attr_meta.key)
+                row[field_name] = (
+                    self._serialize_attr_value(raw_val) if raw_val is not None else None
+                )
+
+        # MITRE fields
+        if requirement.tactics:
+            row["Requirements_Tactics"] = (
+                " | ".join(requirement.tactics) if requirement.tactics else None
+            )
+            row["Requirements_SubTechniques"] = (
+                " | ".join(requirement.sub_techniques)
+                if requirement.sub_techniques
+                else None
+            )
+            row["Requirements_Platforms"] = (
+                " | ".join(requirement.platforms) if requirement.platforms else None
+            )
+            row["Requirements_TechniqueURL"] = requirement.technique_url
+
+        row["Status"] = finding.status if not is_manual else "MANUAL"
+        row["StatusExtended"] = (
+            finding.status_extended if not is_manual else "Manual check"
+        )
+        row["ResourceId"] = finding.resource_uid if not is_manual else "manual_check"
+        row["ResourceName"] = finding.resource_name if not is_manual else "Manual check"
+        row["CheckId"] = finding.check_id if not is_manual else "manual"
+        row["Muted"] = finding.muted if not is_manual else False
+        row["Framework"] = framework.framework
+        row["Name"] = framework.name
+
+        return row
+
+    def _transform(
+        self,
+        findings: list["Finding"],
+        framework: ComplianceFramework,
+        compliance_name: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Transform findings into universal compliance CSV rows."""
+        # Build check -> requirements map (filtered by provider for dict checks)
+        check_req_map = {}
+        for req in framework.requirements:
+            checks = req.checks
+            if self._provider:
+                all_checks = checks.get(self._provider.lower(), [])
+            else:
+                all_checks = []
+                for check_list in checks.values():
+                    all_checks.extend(check_list)
+            for check_id in all_checks:
+                if check_id not in check_req_map:
+                    check_req_map[check_id] = []
+                check_req_map[check_id].append(req)
+
+        # Process findings using the provider-filtered check_req_map.
+        # This ensures that for multi-provider dict checks, only the checks
+        # belonging to the current provider produce output rows.
+        for finding in findings:
+            check_id = finding.check_id
+            if check_id in check_req_map:
+                for req in check_req_map[check_id]:
+                    row = self._build_row(finding, framework, req)
+                    try:
+                        self._data.append(self._row_model(**row))
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        logger.debug(f"Skipping row for {req.id}: {e}")
+
+        # Manual requirements (no checks or empty dict)
+        for req in framework.requirements:
+            checks = req.checks
+            if self._provider:
+                has_checks = bool(checks.get(self._provider.lower(), []))
+            else:
+                has_checks = any(checks.values())
+
+            if not has_checks:
+                # Use a dummy finding-like namespace for manual rows
+                row = self._build_row(
+                    _ManualFindingStub(), framework, req, is_manual=True
+                )
+                try:
+                    self._data.append(self._row_model(**row))
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.debug(f"Skipping manual row for {req.id}: {e}")
+
+    def _create_file_descriptor(self, file_path: str) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._file_descriptor = open_file(file_path, "a")
+        except Exception as error:
+            logger.error(
+                f"{error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
+            )
+
+    def batch_write_data_to_file(self) -> None:
+        """Write findings data to CSV."""
+        try:
+            if (
+                getattr(self, "_file_descriptor", None)
+                and not self._file_descriptor.closed
+                and self._data
+            ):
+                csv_writer = DictWriter(
+                    self._file_descriptor,
+                    fieldnames=[field.upper() for field in self._data[0].dict().keys()],
+                    delimiter=";",
+                )
+                if self._file_descriptor.tell() == 0:
+                    csv_writer.writeheader()
+                for row in self._data:
+                    csv_writer.writerow({k.upper(): v for k, v in row.dict().items()})
+                if self.close_file or self._from_cli:
+                    self._file_descriptor.close()
+        except Exception as error:
+            logger.error(
+                f"{error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
+            )
+
+
+class _ManualFindingStub:
+    """Minimal stub to satisfy _build_row for manual requirements."""
+
+    provider = ""
+    account_uid = ""
+    account_name = ""
+    region = ""
+    status = "MANUAL"
+    status_extended = "Manual check"
+    resource_uid = "manual_check"
+    resource_name = "Manual check"
+    check_id = "manual"
+    muted = False

prowler/lib/outputs/finding.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from prowler.lib.check.models import (
 )
 from prowler.lib.logger import logger
 from prowler.lib.outputs.common import Status, fill_common_finding_data
-from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.compliance import get_check_compliance
+from prowler.lib.outputs.compliance.compliance_check import get_check_compliance
 from prowler.lib.outputs.utils import unroll_tags
 from prowler.lib.utils.utils import dict_to_lowercase, get_nested_attribute
 from prowler.providers.common.provider import Provider
@@ -245,15 +245,16 @@ class Finding(BaseModel):
             elif provider.type == "kubernetes":
                 if provider.identity.context == "In-Cluster":
                     output_data["auth_method"] = "in-cluster"
+                    output_data["provider_uid"] = provider.identity.cluster
                 else:
                     output_data["auth_method"] = "kubeconfig"
+                    output_data["provider_uid"] = provider.identity.context
                 output_data["resource_name"] = check_output.resource_name
                 output_data["resource_uid"] = check_output.resource_id
                 output_data["account_name"] = f"context: {provider.identity.context}"
                 output_data["account_uid"] = get_nested_attribute(
                     provider, "identity.cluster"
                 )
-                output_data["provider_uid"] = provider.identity.context
                 output_data["region"] = f"namespace: {check_output.namespace}"
 
             elif provider.type == "github":

prowler/providers/aws/aws_provider.py

@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ from prowler.lib.utils.utils import open_file, parse_json_file, print_boxes
 from prowler.providers.aws.config import (
     AWS_REGION_US_EAST_1,
     AWS_STS_GLOBAL_ENDPOINT_REGION,
-    BOTO3_USER_AGENT_EXTRA,
     ROLE_SESSION_NAME,
+    get_default_session_config,
 )
 from prowler.providers.aws.exceptions.exceptions import (
     AWSAccessKeyIDInvalidError,
@@ -227,14 +227,15 @@ class AwsProvider(Provider):
 
         # TODO: Use AwsSetUpSession ?????
         # Configure the initial AWS Session using the local credentials: profile or environment variables
+        session_config = self.set_session_config(retries_max_attempts)
         aws_session = self.setup_session(
             mfa=mfa,
             profile=profile,
             aws_access_key_id=aws_access_key_id,
             aws_secret_access_key=aws_secret_access_key,
             aws_session_token=aws_session_token,
+            session_config=session_config,
         )
-        session_config = self.set_session_config(retries_max_attempts)
         # Current session and the original session points to the same session object until we get a new one, if needed
         self._session = AWSSession(
             current_session=aws_session,
@@ -630,6 +631,7 @@ class AwsProvider(Provider):
         aws_access_key_id: str = None,
         aws_secret_access_key: str = None,
         aws_session_token: Optional[str] = None,
+        session_config: Optional[Config] = None,
     ) -> Session:
         """
         setup_session sets up an AWS session using the provided credentials.
@@ -640,6 +642,9 @@ class AwsProvider(Provider):
             - aws_access_key_id: The AWS access key ID.
             - aws_secret_access_key: The AWS secret access key.
             - aws_session_token: The AWS session token, optional.
+            - session_config: Botocore Config applied as the session's default
+              client config so every client created from the session inherits
+              the Prowler user agent and retry settings.
 
         Returns:
             - Session: The AWS session.
@@ -650,6 +655,9 @@ class AwsProvider(Provider):
         try:
             logger.debug("Creating original session ...")
 
+            if session_config is None:
+                session_config = AwsProvider.set_session_config(None)
+
             session_arguments = {}
             if profile:
                 session_arguments["profile_name"] = profile
@@ -661,6 +669,7 @@ class AwsProvider(Provider):
 
             if mfa:
                 session = Session(**session_arguments)
+                session._session.set_default_client_config(session_config)
                 sts_client = session.client("sts")
 
                 # TODO: pass values from the input
@@ -673,7 +682,7 @@ class AwsProvider(Provider):
                 session_credentials = sts_client.get_session_token(
                     **get_session_token_arguments
                 )
-                return Session(
+                mfa_session = Session(
                     aws_access_key_id=session_credentials["Credentials"]["AccessKeyId"],
                     aws_secret_access_key=session_credentials["Credentials"][
                         "SecretAccessKey"
@@ -682,8 +691,12 @@ class AwsProvider(Provider):
                         "SessionToken"
                     ],
                 )
+                mfa_session._session.set_default_client_config(session_config)
+                return mfa_session
             else:
-                return Session(**session_arguments)
+                session = Session(**session_arguments)
+                session._session.set_default_client_config(session_config)
+                return session
         except Exception as error:
             logger.critical(
                 f"AWSSetUpSessionError[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
@@ -698,6 +711,7 @@ class AwsProvider(Provider):
         identity: AWSIdentityInfo,
         assumed_role_configuration: AWSAssumeRoleConfiguration,
         session: AWSSession,
+        session_config: Optional[Config] = None,
     ) -> Session:
         """
         Sets up an assumed session using the provided assumed role credentials.
@@ -742,6 +756,13 @@ class AwsProvider(Provider):
             assumed_session = BotocoreSession()
             assumed_session._credentials = assumed_refreshable_credentials
             assumed_session.set_config_variable("region", identity.profile_region)
+            if session_config is None:
+                session_config = (
+                    session.session_config
+                    if session is not None
+                    else AwsProvider.set_session_config(None)
+                )
+            assumed_session.set_default_client_config(session_config)
             return Session(
                 profile_name=identity.profile,
                 botocore_session=assumed_session,
@@ -870,7 +891,7 @@ class AwsProvider(Provider):
 
             for region in enabled_regions:
                 regional_client = self._session.current_session.client(
-                    service, region_name=region, config=self._session.session_config
+                    service, region_name=region
                 )
                 regional_client.region = region
                 regional_clients[region] = regional_client
@@ -1140,21 +1161,16 @@ class AwsProvider(Provider):
         Returns:
             - Config: The botocore Config object
         """
-        # Set the maximum retries for the standard retrier config
-        default_session_config = Config(
-            retries={"max_attempts": 3, "mode": "standard"},
-            user_agent_extra=BOTO3_USER_AGENT_EXTRA,
-        )
+        default_session_config = get_default_session_config()
         if retries_max_attempts:
-            # Create the new config
-            config = Config(
-                retries={
-                    "max_attempts": retries_max_attempts,
-                    "mode": "standard",
-                },
+            default_session_config = default_session_config.merge(
+                Config(
+                    retries={
+                        "max_attempts": retries_max_attempts,
+                        "mode": "standard",
+                    },
+                )
             )
-            # Merge the new configuration
-            default_session_config = default_session_config.merge(config)
 
         return default_session_config
 
@@ -1425,6 +1441,9 @@ class AwsProvider(Provider):
                     region_name=aws_region,
                     profile_name=profile,
                 )
+                session._session.set_default_client_config(
+                    AwsProvider.set_session_config(None)
+                )
 
             caller_identity = AwsProvider.validate_credentials(session, aws_region)
             # Do an extra validation if the AWS account ID is provided

prowler/providers/aws/config.py

@@ -1,6 +1,15 @@
 import os
 
+from botocore.config import Config
+
 AWS_STS_GLOBAL_ENDPOINT_REGION = "us-east-1"
 AWS_REGION_US_EAST_1 = "us-east-1"
 BOTO3_USER_AGENT_EXTRA = os.getenv("PROWLER_AWS_BOTO3_USER_AGENT_EXTRA", "APN_1826889")
 ROLE_SESSION_NAME = "ProwlerAssessmentSession"
+
+
+def get_default_session_config() -> Config:
+    return Config(
+        user_agent_extra=BOTO3_USER_AGENT_EXTRA,
+        retries={"max_attempts": 3, "mode": "standard"},
+    )

prowler/providers/aws/lib/cloudtrail_timeline/cloudtrail_timeline.py

@@ -221,27 +221,12 @@ class CloudTrailTimeline(TimelineService):
 
     @staticmethod
     def _extract_actor(user_identity: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
-        """Extract a human-readable actor name from CloudTrail userIdentity."""
-        # Try ARN first - most reliable
+        """Return a compact actor name from CloudTrail userIdentity.
+
+        For ARNs, returns the resource portion (everything after the last
+        `:`) — e.g. `user/alice`, `assumed-role/MyRole/session-name`,
+        `root`. The full ARN is preserved separately in `actor_uid`.
+        """
         if arn := user_identity.get("arn"):
-            if "/" in arn:
-                parts = arn.split("/")
-                # For assumed-role, return the role name (second-to-last part)
-                if "assumed-role" in arn and len(parts) >= 2:
-                    return parts[-2]
-                return parts[-1]
-            return arn.split(":")[-1]
-
-        # Fall back to userName
-        if username := user_identity.get("userName"):
-            return username
-
-        # Fall back to principalId
-        if principal_id := user_identity.get("principalId"):
-            return principal_id
-
-        # For service-invoked actions
-        if invoking_service := user_identity.get("invokedBy"):
-            return invoking_service
-
-        return "Unknown"
+            return arn.rsplit(":", 1)[-1]
+        return user_identity.get("invokedBy") or "Unknown"

prowler/providers/aws/lib/quick_inventory/quick_inventory.py

@@ -56,9 +56,7 @@ def quick_inventory(provider: AwsProvider, args):
                 try:
                     # Scan IAM only once
                     if not iam_was_scanned:
-                        global_resources.extend(
-                            get_iam_resources(provider.session.current_session)
-                        )
+                        global_resources.extend(get_iam_resources(provider))
                         iam_was_scanned = True
 
                     # Get regional S3 buckets since none-tagged buckets are not supported by the resourcegroupstaggingapi
@@ -312,8 +310,8 @@ def create_output(resources: list, provider: AwsProvider, args):
             if args.output_bucket:
                 output_bucket = args.output_bucket
                 bucket_session = provider.session.current_session
-            # Check if -D was input
-            elif args.output_bucket_no_assume:
+            # The outer condition guarantees -D was input when -B was not
+            else:
                 output_bucket = args.output_bucket_no_assume
                 bucket_session = provider.session.original_session
 
@@ -375,9 +373,9 @@ def get_regional_buckets(provider: AwsProvider, region: str) -> list:
     return regional_buckets
 
 
-def get_iam_resources(session) -> list:
+def get_iam_resources(provider: AwsProvider) -> list:
     iam_resources = []
-    iam_client = session.client("iam")
+    iam_client = provider.session.current_session.client("iam")
     try:
         get_roles_paginator = iam_client.get_paginator("list_roles")
         for page in get_roles_paginator.paginate():

prowler/providers/aws/lib/s3/s3.py

@@ -111,6 +111,13 @@ class S3:
         - None
         """
         if session:
+            # Preserve the caller's existing default config (and the
+            # retries_max_attempts already baked into it) instead of clobbering
+            # it with a freshly built one.
+            if session._session.get_default_client_config() is None:
+                session._session.set_default_client_config(
+                    AwsProvider.set_session_config(retries_max_attempts)
+                )
             self._session = session.client(__class__.__name__.lower())
         else:
             aws_setup_session = AwsSetUpSession(
@@ -127,8 +134,7 @@ class S3:
                 regions=regions,
             )
             self._session = aws_setup_session._session.current_session.client(
-                __class__.__name__.lower(),
-                config=aws_setup_session._session.session_config,
+                __class__.__name__.lower()
             )
 
         self._bucket_name = bucket_name
@@ -313,6 +319,9 @@ class S3:
                     region_name=aws_region,
                     profile_name=profile,
                 )
+                session._session.set_default_client_config(
+                    AwsProvider.set_session_config(None)
+                )
             s3_client = session.client(__class__.__name__.lower())
             if "s3://" in bucket_name:
                 bucket_name = bucket_name.removeprefix("s3://")

prowler/providers/aws/lib/security_hub/security_hub.py

@@ -148,6 +148,13 @@ class SecurityHub:
                 regions=regions,
             )
             self._session = aws_setup_session._session.current_session
+        # Only install the Prowler default config when the caller-supplied
+        # session does not already carry one — overwriting would drop the
+        # provider's retries_max_attempts value.
+        if aws_session and self._session._session.get_default_client_config() is None:
+            self._session._session.set_default_client_config(
+                AwsProvider.set_session_config(retries_max_attempts)
+            )
         self._aws_account_id = aws_account_id
         if not aws_partition:
             aws_partition = AwsProvider.validate_credentials(
@@ -235,7 +242,7 @@ class SecurityHub:
 
         Args:
             region (str): AWS region to check.
-            session (Session): AWS session object.
+            session (Session): AWS session object. Expected to carry the Prowler default client config.
             aws_account_id (str): AWS account ID.
             aws_partition (str): AWS partition.
 
@@ -540,6 +547,9 @@ class SecurityHub:
                     region_name=aws_region,
                     profile_name=profile,
                 )
+                session._session.set_default_client_config(
+                    AwsProvider.set_session_config(None)
+                )
 
             all_regions = AwsProvider.get_available_aws_service_regions(
                 service="securityhub", partition=aws_partition

prowler/providers/aws/lib/service/service.py

@@ -32,7 +32,13 @@ class AWSService:
     def is_failed_check(cls, check_id, arn):
         return (check_id.split(".")[-1], arn) in cls.failed_checks
 
-    def __init__(self, service: str, provider: AwsProvider, global_service=False):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        service: str,
+        provider: AwsProvider,
+        global_service=False,
+        region: str = None,
+    ):
         # Audit Information
         # Do we need to store the whole provider?
         self.provider = provider
@@ -61,7 +67,7 @@ class AWSService:
         # Get a single region and client if the service needs it (e.g. AWS Global Service)
         # We cannot include this within an else because some services needs both the regional_clients
         # and a single client like S3
-        self.region = provider.get_default_region(
+        self.region = region or provider.get_default_region(
             self.service, global_service=global_service
         )
         self.client = self.session.client(self.service, self.region)

prowler/providers/aws/lib/session/aws_set_up_session.py

@@ -73,15 +73,15 @@ class AwsSetUpSession:
             aws_access_key_id=aws_access_key_id,
             aws_secret_access_key=aws_secret_access_key,
         )
-        # Setup the AWS session
+        session_config = AwsProvider.set_session_config(retries_max_attempts)
         aws_session = AwsProvider.setup_session(
             mfa=mfa,
             profile=profile,
             aws_access_key_id=aws_access_key_id,
             aws_secret_access_key=aws_secret_access_key,
             aws_session_token=aws_session_token,
+            session_config=session_config,
         )
-        session_config = AwsProvider.set_session_config(retries_max_attempts)
         self._session = AWSSession(
             current_session=aws_session,
             session_config=session_config,

prowler/providers/aws/services/bedrock/bedrock_prompt_management_exists/bedrock_prompt_management_exists.metadata.json

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+  "Provider": "aws",
+  "CheckID": "bedrock_prompt_management_exists",
+  "CheckTitle": "Amazon Bedrock Prompt Management prompts exist in the region",
+  "CheckType": [
+    "Software and Configuration Checks/AWS Security Best Practices"
+  ],
+  "ServiceName": "bedrock",
+  "SubServiceName": "",
+  "ResourceIdTemplate": "",
+  "Severity": "low",
+  "ResourceType": "Other",
+  "ResourceGroup": "ai_ml",
+  "Description": "**Bedrock Prompt Management** enables centralized creation, versioning, and governance of prompts used with foundation models.\n\nThis region-level check verifies whether at least one managed prompt exists in each scanned region, used as an adoption signal for Prompt Management. The presence of a prompt does not by itself guarantee that every application prompt is managed.",
+  "Risk": "Without **Prompt Management**, prompts are scattered across applications with no central oversight, versioning, or auditability over instructions sent to foundation models, weakening governance and compliance posture.\n\nManaged prompts are a governance enabler; **prompt injection** defenses are provided by Bedrock **guardrails**, covered by separate checks.",
+  "RelatedUrl": "",
+  "AdditionalURLs": [
+    "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/bedrock/latest/userguide/prompt-management.html",
+    "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/bedrock/latest/userguide/prompt-management-create.html"
+  ],
+  "Remediation": {
+    "Code": {
+      "CLI": "aws bedrock-agent create-prompt --name example_prompt --default-variant default --variants '[{\"name\":\"default\",\"templateType\":\"TEXT\",\"templateConfiguration\":{\"text\":{\"text\":\"Your prompt template here.\"}}}]'",
+      "NativeIaC": "",
+      "Other": "1. Open the Amazon Bedrock console\n2. Navigate to Prompt Management\n3. Click Create prompt\n4. Provide a name and configure the prompt template (a prompt can contain at most one variant; additional variants are created via CreatePromptVersion)\n5. Save the prompt",
+      "Terraform": ""
+    },
+    "Recommendation": {
+      "Text": "Adopt **Bedrock Prompt Management** to centralize prompt definitions, enforce versioning, and maintain governance over model interactions.\n\nUse managed prompts with **guardrails** and apply **least privilege** access controls to restrict who can create or modify prompts.",
+      "Url": "https://hub.prowler.com/check/bedrock_prompt_management_exists"
+    }
+  },
+  "Categories": [
+    "gen-ai"
+  ],
+  "DependsOn": [],
+  "RelatedTo": [],
+  "Notes": "Results are generated per scanned region. Regions where `ListPrompts` cannot be queried are omitted from the findings."
+}

prowler/providers/aws/services/bedrock/bedrock_prompt_management_exists/bedrock_prompt_management_exists.py

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+"""Check for region-level Bedrock Prompt Management adoption."""
+
+from prowler.lib.check.models import Check, Check_Report_AWS
+from prowler.providers.aws.services.bedrock.bedrock_agent_client import (
+    bedrock_agent_client,
+)
+
+
+class bedrock_prompt_management_exists(Check):
+    """Check whether Amazon Bedrock Prompt Management prompts exist in the region.
+
+    A region is reported only when ListPrompts succeeded for it; regions where
+    the API call failed (e.g. AccessDenied, unsupported region) are skipped at
+    the service layer and produce no finding.
+
+    - PASS: At least one managed prompt exists in the region (one finding per prompt).
+    - FAIL: No managed prompts exist in the region (one finding per region).
+    """
+
+    def execute(self) -> list[Check_Report_AWS]:
+        """Execute the Bedrock Prompt Management exists check.
+
+        Returns:
+            A list of reports containing the result of the check.
+        """
+        findings = []
+        for region in sorted(bedrock_agent_client.prompt_scanned_regions):
+            regional_prompts = sorted(
+                (
+                    prompt
+                    for prompt in bedrock_agent_client.prompts.values()
+                    if prompt.region == region
+                ),
+                key=lambda prompt: prompt.name,
+            )
+
+            if regional_prompts:
+                for prompt in regional_prompts:
+                    report = Check_Report_AWS(metadata=self.metadata(), resource=prompt)
+                    report.status = "PASS"
+                    report.status_extended = f"Bedrock Prompt Management prompt {prompt.name} exists in region {region}."
+                    findings.append(report)
+            else:
+                report = Check_Report_AWS(metadata=self.metadata(), resource={})
+                report.region = region
+                report.resource_id = "prompt-management"
+                report.resource_arn = f"arn:{bedrock_agent_client.audited_partition}:bedrock:{region}:{bedrock_agent_client.audited_account}:prompt-management"
+                report.status = "FAIL"
+                report.status_extended = (
+                    f"No Bedrock Prompt Management prompts exist in region {region}."
+                )
+                findings.append(report)
+
+        return findings

prowler/providers/aws/services/bedrock/bedrock_service.py

@@ -140,7 +140,10 @@ class BedrockAgent(AWSService):
         # Call AWSService's __init__
         super().__init__("bedrock-agent", provider)
         self.agents = {}
+        self.prompts = {}
+        self.prompt_scanned_regions: set = set()
         self.__threading_call__(self._list_agents)
+        self.__threading_call__(self._list_prompts)
         self.__threading_call__(self._list_tags_for_resource, self.agents.values())
 
     def _list_agents(self, regional_client):
@@ -167,7 +170,32 @@ class BedrockAgent(AWSService):
                 f"{regional_client.region} -- {error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
             )
 
+    def _list_prompts(self, regional_client):
+        """List all prompts in a region.
+
+        Prompt Management is evaluated as a region-level adoption signal, so
+        prompt collection is intentionally not filtered by audit_resources.
+        """
+        logger.info("Bedrock Agent - Listing Prompts...")
+        try:
+            paginator = regional_client.get_paginator("list_prompts")
+            for page in paginator.paginate():
+                for prompt in page.get("promptSummaries", []):
+                    prompt_arn = prompt.get("arn", "")
+                    self.prompts[prompt_arn] = Prompt(
+                        id=prompt.get("id", ""),
+                        name=prompt.get("name", ""),
+                        arn=prompt_arn,
+                        region=regional_client.region,
+                    )
+            self.prompt_scanned_regions.add(regional_client.region)
+        except Exception as error:
+            logger.error(
+                f"{regional_client.region} -- {error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
+            )
+
     def _list_tags_for_resource(self, resource):
+        """List tags for a Bedrock Agent resource."""
         logger.info("Bedrock Agent - Listing Tags for Resource...")
         try:
             agent_tags = (
@@ -190,3 +218,12 @@ class Agent(BaseModel):
     guardrail_id: Optional[str] = None
     region: str
     tags: Optional[list] = []
+
+
+class Prompt(BaseModel):
+    """Model representing a Bedrock Prompt Management prompt."""
+
+    id: str
+    name: str
+    arn: str
+    region: str

prowler/providers/aws/services/codebuild/codebuild_service.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import datetime
+from concurrent.futures import as_completed
 from typing import List, Optional
 
 from pydantic.v1 import BaseModel
@@ -14,9 +15,9 @@ class Codebuild(AWSService):
         super().__init__(__class__.__name__, provider)
         self.projects = {}
         self.__threading_call__(self._list_projects)
-        self.__threading_call__(self._list_builds_for_project, self.projects.values())
-        self.__threading_call__(self._batch_get_builds, self.projects.values())
-        self.__threading_call__(self._batch_get_projects, self.projects.values())
+        self.__threading_call__(self._list_builds_for_project)
+        self.__threading_call__(self._batch_get_builds)
+        self.__threading_call__(self._batch_get_projects)
         self.report_groups = {}
         self.__threading_call__(self._list_report_groups)
         self.__threading_call__(
@@ -44,10 +45,8 @@ class Codebuild(AWSService):
                 f"{regional_client.region} -- {error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
             )
 
-    def _list_builds_for_project(self, project):
-        logger.info("Codebuild - Listing builds...")
+    def _fetch_project_last_build(self, regional_client, project):
         try:
-            regional_client = self.regional_clients[project.region]
             build_ids = regional_client.list_builds_for_project(
                 projectName=project.name
             ).get("ids", [])
@@ -58,28 +57,99 @@ class Codebuild(AWSService):
                 f"{project.region}: {error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
             )
 
-    def _batch_get_builds(self, project):
-        logger.info("Codebuild - Getting builds...")
+    def _list_builds_for_project(self, regional_client):
+        logger.info("Codebuild - Listing builds...")
         try:
-            if project.last_build and project.last_build.id:
-                regional_client = self.regional_clients[project.region]
-                builds_by_id = regional_client.batch_get_builds(
-                    ids=[project.last_build.id]
-                ).get("builds", [])
-                if len(builds_by_id) > 0:
-                    project.last_invoked_time = builds_by_id[0].get("endTime")
+            regional_projects = [
+                project
+                for project in self.projects.values()
+                if project.region == regional_client.region
+            ]
+
+            # list_builds_for_project has no batch API equivalent, so reuse the
+            # shared thread pool to issue per-project calls in parallel within
+            # this region — preserving the wall-clock performance of the
+            # previous implementation.
+            futures = [
+                self.thread_pool.submit(
+                    self._fetch_project_last_build, regional_client, project
+                )
+                for project in regional_projects
+            ]
+            for future in as_completed(futures):
+                try:
+                    future.result()
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
         except Exception as error:
             logger.error(
-                f"{regional_client.region}: {error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
+                f"{regional_client.region} -- {error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
             )
 
-    def _batch_get_projects(self, project):
+    def _batch_get_builds(self, regional_client):
+        logger.info("Codebuild - Getting builds...")
+        try:
+            # Collect all build IDs for this region
+            build_id_to_project = {}
+            for project in self.projects.values():
+                if (
+                    project.region == regional_client.region
+                    and project.last_build
+                    and project.last_build.id
+                ):
+                    build_id_to_project[project.last_build.id] = project
+
+            if not build_id_to_project:
+                return
+
+            build_ids = list(build_id_to_project.keys())
+
+            # batch_get_builds supports up to 100 IDs per call
+            for i in range(0, len(build_ids), 100):
+                batch = build_ids[i : i + 100]
+                response = regional_client.batch_get_builds(ids=batch)
+                for build_info in response.get("builds", []):
+                    build_id = build_info.get("id")
+                    if build_id in build_id_to_project:
+                        end_time = build_info.get("endTime")
+                        if end_time:
+                            build_id_to_project[build_id].last_invoked_time = end_time
+        except Exception as error:
+            logger.error(
+                f"{regional_client.region} -- {error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
+            )
+
+    def _batch_get_projects(self, regional_client):
         logger.info("Codebuild - Getting projects...")
         try:
-            regional_client = self.regional_clients[project.region]
-            project_info = regional_client.batch_get_projects(names=[project.name])[
-                "projects"
-            ][0]
+            # Collect all project names for this region
+            regional_projects = {
+                arn: project
+                for arn, project in self.projects.items()
+                if project.region == regional_client.region
+            }
+            if not regional_projects:
+                return
+
+            project_names = [project.name for project in regional_projects.values()]
+
+            # batch_get_projects supports up to 100 names per call
+            for i in range(0, len(project_names), 100):
+                batch = project_names[i : i + 100]
+                response = regional_client.batch_get_projects(names=batch)
+                for project_info in response.get("projects", []):
+                    project_arn = project_info.get("arn")
+                    if project_arn in regional_projects:
+                        self._parse_project_info(
+                            regional_projects[project_arn], project_info
+                        )
+        except Exception as error:
+            logger.error(
+                f"{regional_client.region} -- {error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
+            )
+
+    def _parse_project_info(self, project, project_info):
+        try:
             project.buildspec = project_info["source"].get("buildspec")
             if project_info["source"]["type"] != "NO_SOURCE":
                 project.source = Source(

prowler/providers/aws/services/globalaccelerator/globalaccelerator_service.py

@@ -9,15 +9,13 @@ from prowler.providers.aws.lib.service.service import AWSService
 
 class GlobalAccelerator(AWSService):
     def __init__(self, provider):
-        # Call AWSService's __init__
-        super().__init__(__class__.__name__, provider)
+        # Global Accelerator is a global service that supports endpoints in multiple AWS Regions
+        # but you must specify the US West (Oregon) Region to create, update, or otherwise work with accelerators.
+        # That is, for example, specify --region us-west-2 on AWS CLI commands.
+        region = "us-west-2" if provider.identity.partition == "aws" else None
+        super().__init__(__class__.__name__, provider, region=region)
         self.accelerators = {}
         if self.audited_partition == "aws":
-            # Global Accelerator is a global service that supports endpoints in multiple AWS Regions
-            # but you must specify the US West (Oregon) Region to create, update, or otherwise work with accelerators.
-            # That is, for example, specify --region us-west-2 on AWS CLI commands.
-            self.region = "us-west-2"
-            self.client = self.session.client(self.service, self.region)
             self._list_accelerators()
             self.__threading_call__(self._list_tags, self.accelerators.values())
 

prowler/providers/aws/services/route53/route53_dangling_ip_subdomain_takeover/route53_dangling_ip_subdomain_takeover.metadata.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "Provider": "aws",
   "CheckID": "route53_dangling_ip_subdomain_takeover",
-  "CheckTitle": "Route53 A record does not point to a dangling IP address",
+  "CheckTitle": "Route53 record does not point to a dangling AWS resource",
   "CheckType": [
     "Software and Configuration Checks/AWS Security Best Practices/Network Reachability",
     "TTPs/Initial Access",
@@ -13,13 +13,14 @@
   "Severity": "high",
   "ResourceType": "AwsRoute53HostedZone",
   "ResourceGroup": "network",
-  "Description": "**Route 53 `A` records** (non-alias) that use literal IPs are evaluated for **public AWS addresses** not currently assigned to resources in the account. Entries that match AWS ranges yet lack ownership are identified as potential **dangling IP targets**.",
-  "Risk": "**Dangling DNS `A` records** pointing to released AWS IPs enable **subdomain takeover**. An attacker who later obtains that IP can:\n- Redirect or alter content (integrity)\n- Capture credentials/cookies (confidentiality)\n- Disrupt or impersonate services (availability)",
+  "Description": "**Route 53 records** are evaluated for two **subdomain takeover** vectors: (1) non-alias **`A` records** using literal IPs in **public AWS ranges** that are not assigned to resources in the account (released EIPs/ENI public IPs); and (2) non-alias **`CNAME` records** targeting an **S3 website endpoint** (`*.s3-website[.-]<region>.amazonaws.com`) whose bucket no longer exists in the account.",
+  "Risk": "**Dangling DNS records** pointing to released AWS resources enable **subdomain takeover**. An attacker who later claims the IP — or registers an S3 bucket with the same name in any AWS account — can:\n- Redirect or alter content (integrity)\n- Capture credentials/cookies (confidentiality)\n- Disrupt or impersonate services (availability)",
   "RelatedUrl": "",
   "AdditionalURLs": [
     "https://support.icompaas.com/support/solutions/articles/62000233461-ensure-route53-records-contains-dangling-ips-",
     "https://www.trendmicro.com/trendaivisiononecloudriskmanagement/knowledge-base/aws/Route53/dangling-dns-records.html",
-    "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/Route53/latest/DeveloperGuide/resource-record-sets-deleting.html"
+    "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/Route53/latest/DeveloperGuide/resource-record-sets-deleting.html",
+    "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/WebsiteEndpoints.html"
   ],
   "Remediation": {
     "Code": {
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@
       "Terraform": "```hcl\n# Terraform: convert A record to Alias to avoid dangling public IPs\nresource \"aws_route53_record\" \"<example_resource_name>\" {\n  zone_id = \"<example_resource_id>\"\n  name    = \"<example_resource_name>\"\n  type    = \"A\"\n\n  alias {                                  # CRITICAL: Alias to AWS resource (no direct IP)\n    name                   = \"<ALIAS_TARGET_DNS_NAME>\"   # e.g., dualstack.<alb>.amazonaws.com\n    zone_id                = \"<ALIAS_TARGET_HOSTED_ZONE_ID>\"\n    evaluate_target_health = false\n  }\n}\n```"
     },
     "Recommendation": {
-      "Text": "Remove or update any record that points to an unassigned IP. Avoid hard-coding AWS public IPs in `A` records; use **aliases/CNAMEs** to managed endpoints. Enforce **asset lifecycle** decommissioning, routine DNS-asset reconciliation, and **change control** with monitoring to prevent and detect drift.",
+      "Text": "Remove or update any record that points to an unowned AWS resource: unassigned public IPs in `A` records and S3 website endpoints in `CNAME` records whose bucket has been deleted. Avoid hard-coding AWS public IPs in `A` records; prefer **aliases** to managed endpoints (ALB, CloudFront, S3) and delete CNAMEs as soon as the backing bucket is removed. Enforce **asset lifecycle** decommissioning, routine DNS-asset reconciliation, and **change control** with monitoring to prevent and detect drift.",
       "Url": "https://hub.prowler.com/check/route53_dangling_ip_subdomain_takeover"
     }
   },

prowler/providers/aws/services/route53/route53_dangling_ip_subdomain_takeover/route53_dangling_ip_subdomain_takeover.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import re
 from ipaddress import ip_address
 
 import awsipranges
@@ -6,6 +7,14 @@ from prowler.lib.check.models import Check, Check_Report_AWS
 from prowler.lib.utils.utils import validate_ip_address
 from prowler.providers.aws.services.ec2.ec2_client import ec2_client
 from prowler.providers.aws.services.route53.route53_client import route53_client
+from prowler.providers.aws.services.s3.s3_client import s3_client
+
+# S3 website endpoint formats:
+#   <bucket>.s3-website-<region>.amazonaws.com   (legacy, dash)
+#   <bucket>.s3-website.<region>.amazonaws.com   (newer, dot)
+S3_WEBSITE_ENDPOINT_REGEX = re.compile(
+    r"^(?P<bucket>[^.]+(?:\.[^.]+)*)\.s3-website[.-](?P<region>[a-z0-9-]+)\.amazonaws\.com\.?$"
+)
 
 
 class route53_dangling_ip_subdomain_takeover(Check):
@@ -24,11 +33,14 @@ class route53_dangling_ip_subdomain_takeover(Check):
             if ni.association and ni.association.get("PublicIp"):
                 public_ips.append(ni.association.get("PublicIp"))
 
+        owned_bucket_names = {bucket.name for bucket in s3_client.buckets.values()}
+
         for record_set in route53_client.record_sets:
-            # Check only A records and avoid aliases (only need to check IPs not AWS Resources)
+            hosted_zone = route53_client.hosted_zones[record_set.hosted_zone_id]
+
+            # A records: dangling-IP path (released EIPs / unowned AWS IPs)
             if record_set.type == "A" and not record_set.is_alias:
                 for record in record_set.records:
-                    # Check if record is an IP Address
                     if validate_ip_address(record):
                         report = Check_Report_AWS(
                             metadata=self.metadata(), resource=record_set
@@ -36,25 +48,45 @@ class route53_dangling_ip_subdomain_takeover(Check):
                         report.resource_id = (
                             f"{record_set.hosted_zone_id}/{record_set.name}/{record}"
                         )
-                        report.resource_arn = route53_client.hosted_zones[
-                            record_set.hosted_zone_id
-                        ].arn
-                        report.resource_tags = route53_client.hosted_zones[
-                            record_set.hosted_zone_id
-                        ].tags
+                        report.resource_arn = hosted_zone.arn
+                        report.resource_tags = hosted_zone.tags
                         report.status = "PASS"
-                        report.status_extended = f"Route53 record {record} (name: {record_set.name}) in Hosted Zone {route53_client.hosted_zones[record_set.hosted_zone_id].name} is not a dangling IP."
+                        report.status_extended = f"Route53 record {record} (name: {record_set.name}) in Hosted Zone {hosted_zone.name} is not a dangling IP."
                         # If Public IP check if it is in the AWS Account
                         if (
                             not ip_address(record).is_private
                             and record not in public_ips
                         ):
-                            report.status_extended = f"Route53 record {record} (name: {record_set.name}) in Hosted Zone {route53_client.hosted_zones[record_set.hosted_zone_id].name} does not belong to AWS and it is not a dangling IP."
+                            report.status_extended = f"Route53 record {record} (name: {record_set.name}) in Hosted Zone {hosted_zone.name} does not belong to AWS and it is not a dangling IP."
                             # Check if potential dangling IP is within AWS Ranges
                             aws_ip_ranges = awsipranges.get_ranges()
                             if aws_ip_ranges.get(record):
                                 report.status = "FAIL"
-                                report.status_extended = f"Route53 record {record} (name: {record_set.name}) in Hosted Zone {route53_client.hosted_zones[record_set.hosted_zone_id].name} is a dangling IP which can lead to a subdomain takeover attack."
+                                report.status_extended = f"Route53 record {record} (name: {record_set.name}) in Hosted Zone {hosted_zone.name} is a dangling IP which can lead to a subdomain takeover attack."
                         findings.append(report)
 
+            # CNAME records: dangling S3 website endpoint
+            # (deleted bucket whose name can be re-registered by anyone)
+            elif record_set.type == "CNAME" and not record_set.is_alias:
+                for record in record_set.records:
+                    match = S3_WEBSITE_ENDPOINT_REGEX.match(record.lower())
+                    if not match:
+                        continue
+                    bucket_name = match.group("bucket")
+                    report = Check_Report_AWS(
+                        metadata=self.metadata(), resource=record_set
+                    )
+                    report.resource_id = (
+                        f"{record_set.hosted_zone_id}/{record_set.name}/{record}"
+                    )
+                    report.resource_arn = hosted_zone.arn
+                    report.resource_tags = hosted_zone.tags
+                    if bucket_name in owned_bucket_names:
+                        report.status = "PASS"
+                        report.status_extended = f"Route53 CNAME {record_set.name} in Hosted Zone {hosted_zone.name} points to S3 website endpoint of bucket {bucket_name} which exists in the account."
+                    else:
+                        report.status = "FAIL"
+                        report.status_extended = f"Route53 CNAME {record_set.name} in Hosted Zone {hosted_zone.name} points to S3 website endpoint of bucket {bucket_name} which does not exist in the account and can lead to a subdomain takeover attack."
+                    findings.append(report)
+
         return findings

prowler/providers/aws/services/route53/route53_service.py

@@ -176,14 +176,12 @@ class RecordSet(BaseModel):
 
 class Route53Domains(AWSService):
     def __init__(self, provider):
-        # Call AWSService's __init__
-        super().__init__(__class__.__name__, provider)
+        # Route53Domains is a global service that supports endpoints in multiple AWS Regions
+        # but you must specify the US East (N. Virginia) Region to create, update, or otherwise work with domains.
+        region = "us-east-1" if provider.identity.partition == "aws" else None
+        super().__init__(__class__.__name__, provider, region=region)
         self.domains = {}
         if self.audited_partition == "aws":
-            # Route53Domains is a global service that supports endpoints in multiple AWS Regions
-            # but you must specify the US East (N. Virginia) Region to create, update, or otherwise work with domains.
-            self.region = "us-east-1"
-            self.client = self.session.client(self.service, self.region)
             self._list_domains()
             self._get_domain_detail()
             self._list_tags_for_domain()

prowler/providers/aws/services/trustedadvisor/trustedadvisor_service.py

@@ -9,20 +9,20 @@ from prowler.providers.aws.lib.service.service import AWSService
 
 class TrustedAdvisor(AWSService):
     def __init__(self, provider):
-        # Call AWSService's __init__
-        super().__init__("support", provider)
+        # Support API is not available in China Partition
+        # But only in us-east-1 or us-gov-west-1 https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/awssupport.html
+        partition = provider.identity.partition
+        if partition == "aws":
+            support_region = "us-east-1"
+        elif partition == "aws-cn":
+            support_region = None
+        else:
+            support_region = "us-gov-west-1"
+        super().__init__("support", provider, region=support_region)
         self.account_arn_template = f"arn:{self.audited_partition}:trusted-advisor:{self.region}:{self.audited_account}:account"
         self.checks = []
         self.premium_support = PremiumSupport(enabled=False)
-        # Support API is not available in China Partition
-        # But only in us-east-1 or us-gov-west-1 https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/awssupport.html
         if self.audited_partition != "aws-cn":
-            if self.audited_partition == "aws":
-                support_region = "us-east-1"
-            else:
-                support_region = "us-gov-west-1"
-            self.client = self.session.client(self.service, region_name=support_region)
-            self.client.region = support_region
             self._describe_services()
             if getattr(self.premium_support, "enabled", False):
                 self._describe_trusted_advisor_checks()
@@ -34,13 +34,13 @@ class TrustedAdvisor(AWSService):
             for check in self.client.describe_trusted_advisor_checks(language="en").get(
                 "checks", []
             ):
-                check_arn = f"arn:{self.audited_partition}:trusted-advisor:{self.client.region}:{self.audited_account}:check/{check['id']}"
+                check_arn = f"arn:{self.audited_partition}:trusted-advisor:{self.region}:{self.audited_account}:check/{check['id']}"
                 self.checks.append(
                     Check(
                         id=check["id"],
                         name=check["name"],
                         arn=check_arn,
-                        region=self.client.region,
+                        region=self.region,
                     )
                 )
         except ClientError as error:
@@ -50,22 +50,22 @@ class TrustedAdvisor(AWSService):
                 == "Amazon Web Services Premium Support Subscription is required to use this service."
             ):
                 logger.warning(
-                    f"{self.client.region} -- {error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
+                    f"{self.region} -- {error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
                 )
             else:
                 logger.error(
-                    f"{self.client.region} -- {error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
+                    f"{self.region} -- {error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
                 )
         except Exception as error:
             logger.error(
-                f"{self.client.region} -- {error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
+                f"{self.region} -- {error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
             )
 
     def _describe_trusted_advisor_check_result(self):
         logger.info("TrustedAdvisor - Describing Check Result...")
         try:
             for check in self.checks:
-                if check.region == self.client.region:
+                if check.region == self.region:
                     try:
                         response = self.client.describe_trusted_advisor_check_result(
                             checkId=check.id
@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@ class TrustedAdvisor(AWSService):
                             == "InvalidParameterValueException"
                         ):
                             logger.warning(
-                                f"{self.client.region} -- {error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
+                                f"{self.region} -- {error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
                             )
         except Exception as error:
             logger.error(
-                f"{self.client.region} -- {error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
+                f"{self.region} -- {error.__class__.__name__}[{error.__traceback__.tb_lineno}]: {error}"
             )
 
     def _describe_services(self):

prowler/providers/aws/services/waf/waf_service.py

@@ -9,15 +9,13 @@ from prowler.providers.aws.lib.service.service import AWSService
 
 class WAF(AWSService):
     def __init__(self, provider):
-        # Call AWSService's __init__
-        super().__init__("waf", provider)
+        # AWS WAF is available globally for CloudFront distributions, but you must use the Region US East (N. Virginia) to create your web ACL and any resources used in the web ACL, such as rule groups, IP sets, and regex pattern sets.
+        region = "us-east-1" if provider.identity.partition == "aws" else None
+        super().__init__("waf", provider, region=region)
         self.rules = {}
         self.rule_groups = {}
         self.web_acls = {}
         if self.audited_partition == "aws":
-            # AWS WAF is available globally for CloudFront distributions, but you must use the Region US East (N. Virginia) to create your web ACL and any resources used in the web ACL, such as rule groups, IP sets, and regex pattern sets.
-            self.region = "us-east-1"
-            self.client = self.session.client(self.service, self.region)
             self._list_rules()
             self.__threading_call__(self._get_rule, self.rules.values())
             self._list_rule_groups()

prowler/providers/aws/services/wafv2/wafv2_service.py

@@ -11,13 +11,11 @@ from prowler.providers.aws.lib.service.service import AWSService
 
 class WAFv2(AWSService):
     def __init__(self, provider):
-        # Call AWSService's __init__
-        super().__init__(__class__.__name__, provider)
+        # AWS WAFv2 is available globally for CloudFront distributions, but you must use the Region US East (N. Virginia) to create your web ACL.
+        region = "us-east-1" if provider.identity.partition == "aws" else None
+        super().__init__(__class__.__name__, provider, region=region)
         self.web_acls = {}
         if self.audited_partition == "aws":
-            # AWS WAFv2 is available globally for CloudFront distributions, but you must use the Region US East (N. Virginia) to create your web ACL.
-            self.region = "us-east-1"
-            self.client = self.session.client(self.service, self.region)
             self._list_web_acls_global()
         self.__threading_call__(self._list_web_acls_regional)
         self.__threading_call__(self._get_web_acl, self.web_acls.values())

prowler/providers/image/image_provider.py

@@ -329,12 +329,21 @@ class ImageProvider(Provider):
         """Image provider doesn't need a session since it uses Trivy directly"""
         return None
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _strip_scheme(value: str) -> str:
+        """Remove a leading http:// or https:// scheme from a registry input."""
+        for prefix in ("https://", "http://"):
+            if value.lower().startswith(prefix):
+                return value[len(prefix) :]
+        return value
+
     @staticmethod
     def _extract_registry(image: str) -> str | None:
         """Extract registry hostname from an image reference.
 
         Returns None for Docker Hub images (no registry prefix).
         """
+        image = ImageProvider._strip_scheme(image)
         parts = image.split("/")
         if len(parts) >= 2 and ("." in parts[0] or ":" in parts[0]):
             return parts[0]
@@ -348,6 +357,7 @@ class ImageProvider(Provider):
         or "myregistry.com:5000" are registry URLs (dots in host, no slash).
         Image references like "alpine:3.18" or "nginx" are not.
         """
+        image_uid = ImageProvider._strip_scheme(image_uid)
         if "/" not in image_uid:
             host_part = image_uid.split(":")[0]
             if "." in host_part:
@@ -835,11 +845,9 @@ class ImageProvider(Provider):
                     image_ref = f"{repo}:{tag}"
                 else:
                     # OCI registries need the full host/repo:tag reference
-                    registry_host = self.registry.rstrip("/")
-                    for prefix in ("https://", "http://"):
-                        if registry_host.startswith(prefix):
-                            registry_host = registry_host[len(prefix) :]
-                            break
+                    registry_host = ImageProvider._strip_scheme(
+                        self.registry.rstrip("/")
+                    )
                     image_ref = f"{registry_host}/{repo}:{tag}"
                 discovered_images.append(image_ref)
 
@@ -977,6 +985,8 @@ class ImageProvider(Provider):
             if not image:
                 return Connection(is_connected=False, error="Image name is required")
 
+            image = ImageProvider._strip_scheme(image)
+
             # Registry URL (bare hostname) → test via OCI catalog
             if ImageProvider._is_registry_url(image):
                 return ImageProvider._test_registry_connection(

prowler/providers/image/lib/registry/base.py

@@ -2,21 +2,51 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import ipaddress
 import re
+import socket
 import time
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 import requests
+import tldextract
 
 from prowler.config.config import prowler_version
 from prowler.lib.logger import logger
-from prowler.providers.image.exceptions.exceptions import ImageRegistryNetworkError
+from prowler.providers.image.exceptions.exceptions import (
+    ImageRegistryAuthError,
+    ImageRegistryNetworkError,
+)
 
 _MAX_RETRIES = 3
 _BACKOFF_BASE = 1
 _USER_AGENT = f"Prowler/{prowler_version} (registry-adapter)"
 
+_NON_PUBLIC_IP_PROPERTIES = (
+    "is_private",
+    "is_loopback",
+    "is_link_local",
+    "is_multicast",
+    "is_reserved",
+    "is_unspecified",
+)
+
+
+def _ip_is_non_public(ip_str: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        addr = ipaddress.ip_address(ip_str)
+    except ValueError:
+        return False
+    return any(getattr(addr, prop) for prop in _NON_PUBLIC_IP_PROPERTIES)
+
+
+def _registrable_domain(host: str) -> str | None:
+    ext = tldextract.extract(host)
+    if not ext.domain or not ext.suffix:
+        return None
+    return f"{ext.domain}.{ext.suffix}"
+
 
 class RegistryAdapter(ABC):
     """Abstract base class for registry adapters."""
@@ -68,6 +98,107 @@ class RegistryAdapter(ABC):
         """Enumerate all tags for a repository."""
         ...
 
+    def _origin_url(self) -> str:
+        """The URL whose host the validator compares against when enforce_origin=True.
+
+        Subclasses can override if the effective registry origin differs from
+        ``registry_url`` (e.g., Docker Hub talks to ``registry-1.docker.io``).
+        """
+        return self.registry_url
+
+    def _validate_outbound_url(
+        self,
+        url: str,
+        *,
+        enforce_origin: bool = True,
+        origin_url: str | None = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Validate a URL before it is passed to ``requests``.
+
+        Defenses against parser-mismatch SSRF (PRWLRHELP-2103):
+        - canonicalise via ``requests.PreparedRequest`` so validator and connector
+          parse the same string the same way;
+        - reject schemes other than http/https;
+        - reject literal non-public IPs (private, loopback, link-local, ...);
+        - reject hostnames whose A/AAAA records resolve to non-public IPs;
+        - when ``enforce_origin=True``, reject hosts that don't share the
+          registry's registrable domain.
+
+        Returns the canonical URL the caller should pass to ``requests``.
+        """
+        parsed = urlparse(url)
+        if parsed.scheme not in ("http", "https"):
+            raise ImageRegistryAuthError(
+                file=__file__,
+                message=(
+                    f"Disallowed URL scheme: {parsed.scheme!r}. Only http/https are allowed."
+                ),
+            )
+
+        try:
+            prepared = requests.Request("GET", url).prepare()
+        except (
+            requests.exceptions.InvalidURL,
+            requests.exceptions.MissingSchema,
+            ValueError,
+        ) as exc:
+            raise ImageRegistryAuthError(
+                file=__file__,
+                message=f"Malformed URL {url!r}: {exc}",
+            )
+
+        canonical_url = prepared.url
+        canonical = urlparse(canonical_url)
+        host = canonical.hostname or ""
+        if not host:
+            raise ImageRegistryAuthError(
+                file=__file__,
+                message=f"URL has no host: {canonical_url}",
+            )
+
+        try:
+            addr = ipaddress.ip_address(host)
+        except ValueError:
+            try:
+                infos = socket.getaddrinfo(host, None)
+            except socket.gaierror:
+                infos = []
+            for *_, sockaddr in infos:
+                resolved_ip = sockaddr[0]
+                if _ip_is_non_public(resolved_ip):
+                    raise ImageRegistryAuthError(
+                        file=__file__,
+                        message=(
+                            f"Host {host!r} resolves to non-public address {resolved_ip}. "
+                            "This may indicate an SSRF attempt."
+                        ),
+                    )
+        else:
+            if any(getattr(addr, prop) for prop in _NON_PUBLIC_IP_PROPERTIES):
+                raise ImageRegistryAuthError(
+                    file=__file__,
+                    message=(
+                        f"URL targets a non-public address: {host}. "
+                        "This may indicate an SSRF attempt."
+                    ),
+                )
+
+        if enforce_origin:
+            registry_host = urlparse(origin_url or self._origin_url()).hostname or ""
+            if registry_host and host != registry_host:
+                target_d = _registrable_domain(host)
+                registry_d = _registrable_domain(registry_host)
+                if not (target_d and registry_d and target_d == registry_d):
+                    raise ImageRegistryAuthError(
+                        file=__file__,
+                        message=(
+                            f"URL host {host!r} is unrelated to registry host "
+                            f"{registry_host!r}; refusing to follow."
+                        ),
+                    )
+
+        return canonical_url
+
     def _request_with_retry(self, method: str, url: str, **kwargs) -> requests.Response:
         context_label = kwargs.pop("context_label", None) or self.registry_url
         kwargs.setdefault("timeout", 30)
@@ -131,16 +262,15 @@ class RegistryAdapter(ABC):
             original_exception=last_exception,
         )
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _next_page_url(resp: requests.Response) -> str | None:
+    def _next_page_url(self, resp: requests.Response) -> str | None:
         link_header = resp.headers.get("Link", "")
         if not link_header:
             return None
         match = re.search(r'<([^>]+)>;\s*rel="next"', link_header)
-        if match:
-            url = match.group(1)
-            if url.startswith("/"):
-                parsed = urlparse(resp.url)
-                return f"{parsed.scheme}://{parsed.netloc}{url}"
-            return url
-        return None
+        if not match:
+            return None
+        url = match.group(1)
+        if url.startswith("/"):
+            parsed = urlparse(resp.url)
+            url = f"{parsed.scheme}://{parsed.netloc}{url}"
+        return self._validate_outbound_url(url)

prowler/providers/image/lib/registry/dockerhub_adapter.py

@@ -207,15 +207,14 @@ class DockerHubAdapter(RegistryAdapter):
             message=f"Unexpected error during {context} on Docker Hub (HTTP {resp.status_code}): {resp.text[:200]}",
         )
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _next_tag_page_url(resp: requests.Response) -> str | None:
+    def _next_tag_page_url(self, resp: requests.Response) -> str | None:
         link_header = resp.headers.get("Link", "")
         if not link_header:
             return None
         match = re.search(r'<([^>]+)>;\s*rel="next"', link_header)
-        if match:
-            next_url = match.group(1)
-            if next_url.startswith("/"):
-                return f"{_REGISTRY_HOST}{next_url}"
-            return next_url
-        return None
+        if not match:
+            return None
+        next_url = match.group(1)
+        if next_url.startswith("/"):
+            next_url = f"{_REGISTRY_HOST}{next_url}"
+        return self._validate_outbound_url(next_url, origin_url=_REGISTRY_HOST)

prowler/providers/image/lib/registry/oci_adapter.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import base64
-import ipaddress
 import re
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
@@ -43,6 +42,9 @@ class OciRegistryAdapter(RegistryAdapter):
             url = f"https://{url}"
         return url
 
+    def _origin_url(self) -> str:
+        return self._base_url
+
     def list_repositories(self) -> list[str]:
         self._ensure_auth()
         repositories: list[str] = []
@@ -127,8 +129,9 @@ class OciRegistryAdapter(RegistryAdapter):
                 file=__file__,
                 message=f"Cannot parse token endpoint from registry {self.registry_url}. Www-Authenticate: {www_authenticate[:200]}",
             )
-        realm = match.group(1)
-        self._validate_realm_url(realm)
+        realm = self._validate_outbound_url(match.group(1))
+        if urlparse(realm).scheme == "http":
+            logger.warning(f"Bearer token realm uses HTTP (not HTTPS): {realm}")
         params: dict = {}
         service_match = re.search(r'service="([^"]+)"', www_authenticate)
         if service_match:
@@ -156,27 +159,6 @@ class OciRegistryAdapter(RegistryAdapter):
             )
         return token
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _validate_realm_url(realm: str) -> None:
-        parsed = urlparse(realm)
-        if parsed.scheme not in ("http", "https"):
-            raise ImageRegistryAuthError(
-                file=__file__,
-                message=f"Bearer token realm has disallowed scheme: {parsed.scheme}. Only http/https are allowed.",
-            )
-        if parsed.scheme == "http":
-            logger.warning(f"Bearer token realm uses HTTP (not HTTPS): {realm}")
-        hostname = parsed.hostname or ""
-        try:
-            addr = ipaddress.ip_address(hostname)
-            if addr.is_private or addr.is_loopback or addr.is_link_local:
-                raise ImageRegistryAuthError(
-                    file=__file__,
-                    message=f"Bearer token realm points to a private/loopback address: {hostname}. This may indicate an SSRF attempt.",
-                )
-        except ValueError:
-            pass
-
     def _resolve_basic_credentials(self) -> tuple[str | None, str | None]:
         """Decode pre-encoded base64 auth tokens (e.g., from aws ecr get-authorization-token).
 
@@ -206,14 +188,24 @@ class OciRegistryAdapter(RegistryAdapter):
 
     def _do_authed_request(self, method: str, url: str, **kwargs) -> requests.Response:
         headers = kwargs.pop("headers", {})
-        if self._bearer_token:
-            headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {self._bearer_token}"
-        elif self.username and self.password:
-            user, pwd = self._resolve_basic_credentials()
-            kwargs.setdefault("auth", (user, pwd))
+        if self._is_same_origin_as_registry(url):
+            if self._bearer_token:
+                headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {self._bearer_token}"
+            elif self.username and self.password:
+                user, pwd = self._resolve_basic_credentials()
+                kwargs.setdefault("auth", (user, pwd))
         kwargs["headers"] = headers
         return self._request_with_retry(method, url, **kwargs)
 
+    def _is_same_origin_as_registry(self, url: str) -> bool:
+        target = urlparse(url)
+        origin = urlparse(self._base_url)
+        return (
+            target.scheme == origin.scheme
+            and (target.hostname or "") == (origin.hostname or "")
+            and target.port == origin.port
+        )
+
     def _check_response(self, resp: requests.Response, context: str) -> None:
         if resp.status_code == 200:
             return

prowler/providers/kubernetes/services/rbac/lib/role_permissions.py

@@ -1,36 +1,37 @@
-def is_rule_allowing_permissions(rules, resources, verbs):
+def is_rule_allowing_permissions(rules, resources, verbs, api_groups=("",)):
     """
-    Check Kubernetes role permissions.
+    Check whether any RBAC rule grants the specified verbs on the specified
+    resources within the specified API groups.
 
-    This function takes in Kubernetes role rules, resources, and verbs,
-    and checks if any of the rules grant permissions on the specified
-    resources with the specified verbs.
+    A rule matches when its `apiGroups` includes any of `api_groups` (or "*"),
+    its `resources` includes any of `resources` (or "*"), and its `verbs`
+    includes any of `verbs` (or "*").
 
     Args:
-        rules (List[Rule]): The list of Kubernetes role rules.
-        resources (List[str]): The list of resources to check permissions for.
-        verbs (List[str]): The list of verbs to check permissions for.
+        rules (List[Rule]): RBAC rules from a Role or ClusterRole.
+        resources (List[str]): Resources (or sub-resources) to check.
+        verbs (List[str]): Verbs to check.
+        api_groups (Iterable[str]): API groups the resources live in. Defaults
+            to ("",), the core API group, which matches the most common case.
+            Pass an explicit value for resources outside the core group, e.g.
+            ("admissionregistration.k8s.io",) for webhook configurations.
 
     Returns:
-        bool: True if any of the rules grant permissions, False otherwise.
+        bool: True if any rule grants the permission, False otherwise.
     """
-    if rules:
-        # Iterate through each rule in the list of rules
-        for rule in rules:
-            # Ensure apiGroups are relevant ("" or "v1" for secrets)
-            if rule.apiGroups and all(api not in ["", "v1"] for api in rule.apiGroups):
-                continue  # Skip rules with unrelated apiGroups
-            # Check if the rule has resources, verbs, and matches any of the specified resources and verbs
-            if (
-                rule.resources
-                and (
-                    any(resource in rule.resources for resource in resources)
-                    or "*" in rule.resources
-                )
-                and rule.verbs
-                and (any(verb in rule.verbs for verb in verbs) or "*" in rule.verbs)
-            ):
-                # If the rule matches, return True
-                return True
-    # If no rule matches, return False
+    if not rules:
+        return False
+    for rule in rules:
+        rule_api_groups = rule.apiGroups or [""]
+        if not (
+            any(g in rule_api_groups for g in api_groups) or "*" in rule_api_groups
+        ):
+            continue
+        if (
+            rule.resources
+            and (any(r in rule.resources for r in resources) or "*" in rule.resources)
+            and rule.verbs
+            and (any(v in rule.verbs for v in verbs) or "*" in rule.verbs)
+        ):
+            return True
     return False

prowler/providers/kubernetes/services/rbac/rbac_minimize_csr_approval_access/rbac_minimize_csr_approval_access.py

@@ -6,29 +6,40 @@ from prowler.providers.kubernetes.services.rbac.rbac_client import rbac_client
 
 verbs = ["update", "patch"]
 resources = ["certificatesigningrequests/approval"]
+api_groups = ["certificates.k8s.io"]
 
 
 class rbac_minimize_csr_approval_access(Check):
     def execute(self) -> Check_Report_Kubernetes:
         findings = []
+        # Collect unique subjects and the ClusterRole names bound to them
+        subjects_bound_roles = {}
         for crb in rbac_client.cluster_role_bindings.values():
             for subject in crb.subjects:
+                # CIS benchmarks scope these checks to human identities only
                 if subject.kind in ["User", "Group"]:
-                    report = Check_Report_Kubernetes(
-                        metadata=self.metadata(), resource=subject
-                    )
-                    report.status = "PASS"
-                    report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' does not have access to update the CSR approval sub-resource."
-                    for cr in rbac_client.cluster_roles.values():
-                        if cr.metadata.name == crb.roleRef.name:
-                            if is_rule_allowing_permissions(
-                                cr.rules,
-                                resources,
-                                verbs,
-                            ):
-                                report.status = "FAIL"
-                                report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' has access to update the CSR approval sub-resource."
-                                break
-                    findings.append(report)
+                    key = (subject.kind, subject.name, subject.namespace)
+                    if key not in subjects_bound_roles:
+                        subjects_bound_roles[key] = (subject, set())
+                    subjects_bound_roles[key][1].add(crb.roleRef.name)
+
+        cluster_roles_by_name = {
+            cr.metadata.name: cr for cr in rbac_client.cluster_roles.values()
+        }
+        for _, (subject, role_names) in subjects_bound_roles.items():
+            report = Check_Report_Kubernetes(metadata=self.metadata(), resource=subject)
+            report.resource_name = f"{subject.kind}:{subject.name}"
+            report.resource_id = f"{subject.kind}/{subject.name}"
+            report.status = "PASS"
+            report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' does not have access to update the CSR approval sub-resource."
+            for role_name in role_names:
+                cr = cluster_roles_by_name.get(role_name)
+                if cr and is_rule_allowing_permissions(
+                    cr.rules, resources, verbs, api_groups
+                ):
+                    report.status = "FAIL"
+                    report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' has access to update the CSR approval sub-resource."
+                    break
+            findings.append(report)
 
         return findings

prowler/providers/kubernetes/services/rbac/rbac_minimize_node_proxy_subresource_access/rbac_minimize_node_proxy_subresource_access.py

@@ -11,20 +11,32 @@ resources = ["nodes/proxy"]
 class rbac_minimize_node_proxy_subresource_access(Check):
     def execute(self) -> Check_Report_Kubernetes:
         findings = []
+        # Collect unique subjects and the ClusterRole names bound to them
+        subjects_bound_roles = {}
         for crb in rbac_client.cluster_role_bindings.values():
             for subject in crb.subjects:
+                # CIS benchmarks scope these checks to human identities only
                 if subject.kind in ["User", "Group"]:
-                    report = Check_Report_Kubernetes(
-                        metadata=self.metadata(), resource=subject
-                    )
-                    report.status = "PASS"
-                    report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' does not have access to the node proxy sub-resource."
-                    for cr in rbac_client.cluster_roles.values():
-                        if cr.metadata.name == crb.roleRef.name:
-                            if is_rule_allowing_permissions(cr.rules, resources, verbs):
-                                report.status = "FAIL"
-                                report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' has access to the node proxy sub-resource."
-                                break
-                    findings.append(report)
+                    key = (subject.kind, subject.name, subject.namespace)
+                    if key not in subjects_bound_roles:
+                        subjects_bound_roles[key] = (subject, set())
+                    subjects_bound_roles[key][1].add(crb.roleRef.name)
+
+        cluster_roles_by_name = {
+            cr.metadata.name: cr for cr in rbac_client.cluster_roles.values()
+        }
+        for _, (subject, role_names) in subjects_bound_roles.items():
+            report = Check_Report_Kubernetes(metadata=self.metadata(), resource=subject)
+            report.resource_name = f"{subject.kind}:{subject.name}"
+            report.resource_id = f"{subject.kind}/{subject.name}"
+            report.status = "PASS"
+            report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' does not have access to the node proxy sub-resource."
+            for role_name in role_names:
+                cr = cluster_roles_by_name.get(role_name)
+                if cr and is_rule_allowing_permissions(cr.rules, resources, verbs):
+                    report.status = "FAIL"
+                    report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' has access to the node proxy sub-resource."
+                    break
+            findings.append(report)
 
         return findings

prowler/providers/kubernetes/services/rbac/rbac_minimize_pv_creation_access/rbac_minimize_pv_creation_access.py

@@ -11,21 +11,32 @@ resources = ["persistentvolumes"]
 class rbac_minimize_pv_creation_access(Check):
     def execute(self) -> Check_Report_Kubernetes:
         findings = []
-        # Check each ClusterRoleBinding for access to create PersistentVolumes
+        # Collect unique subjects and the ClusterRole names bound to them
+        subjects_bound_roles = {}
         for crb in rbac_client.cluster_role_bindings.values():
             for subject in crb.subjects:
+                # CIS benchmarks scope these checks to human identities only
                 if subject.kind in ["User", "Group"]:
-                    report = Check_Report_Kubernetes(
-                        metadata=self.metadata(), resource=subject
-                    )
-                    report.status = "PASS"
-                    report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' does not have access to create PersistentVolumes."
-                    for cr in rbac_client.cluster_roles.values():
-                        if cr.metadata.name == crb.roleRef.name:
-                            if is_rule_allowing_permissions(cr.rules, resources, verbs):
-                                report.status = "FAIL"
-                                report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' has access to create PersistentVolumes."
-                                break
-                    findings.append(report)
+                    key = (subject.kind, subject.name, subject.namespace)
+                    if key not in subjects_bound_roles:
+                        subjects_bound_roles[key] = (subject, set())
+                    subjects_bound_roles[key][1].add(crb.roleRef.name)
+
+        cluster_roles_by_name = {
+            cr.metadata.name: cr for cr in rbac_client.cluster_roles.values()
+        }
+        for _, (subject, role_names) in subjects_bound_roles.items():
+            report = Check_Report_Kubernetes(metadata=self.metadata(), resource=subject)
+            report.resource_name = f"{subject.kind}:{subject.name}"
+            report.resource_id = f"{subject.kind}/{subject.name}"
+            report.status = "PASS"
+            report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' does not have access to create PersistentVolumes."
+            for role_name in role_names:
+                cr = cluster_roles_by_name.get(role_name)
+                if cr and is_rule_allowing_permissions(cr.rules, resources, verbs):
+                    report.status = "FAIL"
+                    report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' has access to create PersistentVolumes."
+                    break
+            findings.append(report)
 
         return findings

prowler/providers/kubernetes/services/rbac/rbac_minimize_service_account_token_creation/rbac_minimize_service_account_token_creation.py

@@ -11,20 +11,32 @@ resources = ["serviceaccounts/token"]
 class rbac_minimize_service_account_token_creation(Check):
     def execute(self) -> Check_Report_Kubernetes:
         findings = []
+        # Collect unique subjects and the ClusterRole names bound to them
+        subjects_bound_roles = {}
         for crb in rbac_client.cluster_role_bindings.values():
             for subject in crb.subjects:
+                # CIS benchmarks scope these checks to human identities only
                 if subject.kind in ["User", "Group"]:
-                    report = Check_Report_Kubernetes(
-                        metadata=self.metadata(), resource=subject
-                    )
-                    report.status = "PASS"
-                    report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' does not have access to create service account tokens."
-                    for cr in rbac_client.cluster_roles.values():
-                        if cr.metadata.name == crb.roleRef.name:
-                            if is_rule_allowing_permissions(cr.rules, resources, verbs):
-                                report.status = "FAIL"
-                                report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' has access to create service account tokens."
-                                break
-                    findings.append(report)
+                    key = (subject.kind, subject.name, subject.namespace)
+                    if key not in subjects_bound_roles:
+                        subjects_bound_roles[key] = (subject, set())
+                    subjects_bound_roles[key][1].add(crb.roleRef.name)
+
+        cluster_roles_by_name = {
+            cr.metadata.name: cr for cr in rbac_client.cluster_roles.values()
+        }
+        for _, (subject, role_names) in subjects_bound_roles.items():
+            report = Check_Report_Kubernetes(metadata=self.metadata(), resource=subject)
+            report.resource_name = f"{subject.kind}:{subject.name}"
+            report.resource_id = f"{subject.kind}/{subject.name}"
+            report.status = "PASS"
+            report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' does not have access to create service account tokens."
+            for role_name in role_names:
+                cr = cluster_roles_by_name.get(role_name)
+                if cr and is_rule_allowing_permissions(cr.rules, resources, verbs):
+                    report.status = "FAIL"
+                    report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' has access to create service account tokens."
+                    break
+            findings.append(report)
 
         return findings

prowler/providers/kubernetes/services/rbac/rbac_minimize_webhook_config_access/rbac_minimize_webhook_config_access.py

@@ -9,29 +9,40 @@ resources = [
     "mutatingwebhookconfigurations",
 ]
 verbs = ["create", "update", "delete"]
+api_groups = ["admissionregistration.k8s.io"]
 
 
 class rbac_minimize_webhook_config_access(Check):
     def execute(self) -> Check_Report_Kubernetes:
         findings = []
+        # Collect unique subjects and the ClusterRole names bound to them
+        subjects_bound_roles = {}
         for crb in rbac_client.cluster_role_bindings.values():
             for subject in crb.subjects:
+                # CIS benchmarks scope these checks to human identities only
                 if subject.kind in ["User", "Group"]:
-                    report = Check_Report_Kubernetes(
-                        metadata=self.metadata(), resource=subject
-                    )
-                    report.status = "PASS"
-                    report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' does not have access to create, update, or delete webhook configurations."
-                    for cr in rbac_client.cluster_roles.values():
-                        if cr.metadata.name == crb.roleRef.name:
-                            if is_rule_allowing_permissions(
-                                cr.rules,
-                                resources,
-                                verbs,
-                            ):
-                                report.status = "FAIL"
-                                report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' has access to create, update, or delete webhook configurations."
-                                break
-                    findings.append(report)
+                    key = (subject.kind, subject.name, subject.namespace)
+                    if key not in subjects_bound_roles:
+                        subjects_bound_roles[key] = (subject, set())
+                    subjects_bound_roles[key][1].add(crb.roleRef.name)
+
+        cluster_roles_by_name = {
+            cr.metadata.name: cr for cr in rbac_client.cluster_roles.values()
+        }
+        for _, (subject, role_names) in subjects_bound_roles.items():
+            report = Check_Report_Kubernetes(metadata=self.metadata(), resource=subject)
+            report.resource_name = f"{subject.kind}:{subject.name}"
+            report.resource_id = f"{subject.kind}/{subject.name}"
+            report.status = "PASS"
+            report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' does not have access to create, update, or delete webhook configurations."
+            for role_name in role_names:
+                cr = cluster_roles_by_name.get(role_name)
+                if cr and is_rule_allowing_permissions(
+                    cr.rules, resources, verbs, api_groups
+                ):
+                    report.status = "FAIL"
+                    report.status_extended = f"User or group '{subject.name}' has access to create, update, or delete webhook configurations."
+                    break
+            findings.append(report)
 
         return findings

prowler/providers/vercel/lib/billing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+
+def extract_billing_plan(data: Optional[dict]) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Return the Vercel billing plan from a user or team payload.
+
+    Vercel's REST API consistently returns the plan identifier at
+    ``data["billing"]["plan"]`` (e.g. ``"hobby"``, ``"pro"``, ``"enterprise"``)
+    on both ``GET /v2/user`` and ``GET /v2/teams`` responses, even though the
+    field is not part of the public OpenAPI schema.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(data, dict):
+        return None
+    billing = data.get("billing")
+    if not isinstance(billing, dict):
+        return None
+    plan = billing.get("plan")
+    return plan.lower() if isinstance(plan, str) else None
+
+
+def plan_reason_suffix(
+    billing_plan: Optional[str], unsupported_plans: set[str], explanation: str
+) -> str:
+    """Return a plan-based explanation suffix only when the plan proves it."""
+    if billing_plan in unsupported_plans:
+        return f" This may be expected because {explanation}"
+    return ""

prowler/providers/vercel/lib/service/service.py

@@ -84,10 +84,10 @@ class VercelService:
                     )
 
                 if response.status_code == 403:
-                    # Plan limitation or permission error — return None for graceful handling
-                    logger.warning(
+                    # Endpoint unavailable for this token/scope; let checks handle it gracefully
+                    logger.info(
                         f"{self.service} - Access denied for {path} (403). "
-                        "This may be a plan limitation."
+                        "This may be caused by plan or permission restrictions."
                     )
                     return None
 

prowler/providers/vercel/models.py

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ class VercelTeamInfo(BaseModel):
     id: str
     name: str
     slug: str
+    billing_plan: Optional[str] = None
 
 
 class VercelIdentityInfo(BaseModel):
@@ -29,9 +30,27 @@ class VercelIdentityInfo(BaseModel):
     user_id: Optional[str] = None
     username: Optional[str] = None
     email: Optional[str] = None
+    billing_plan: Optional[str] = None
     team: Optional[VercelTeamInfo] = None
     teams: list[VercelTeamInfo] = Field(default_factory=list)
 
+    def get_billing_plan_for(self, scope_id: Optional[str]) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Return the billing plan for an explicit user or team scope."""
+        if not scope_id:
+            return None
+
+        if self.team and self.team.id == scope_id and self.team.billing_plan:
+            return self.team.billing_plan
+
+        for team in self.teams:
+            if team.id == scope_id:
+                return team.billing_plan
+
+        if self.user_id == scope_id:
+            return self.billing_plan
+
+        return None
+
 
 class VercelOutputOptions(ProviderOutputOptions):
     """Customize output filenames for Vercel scans."""

prowler/providers/vercel/services/authentication/authentication_no_stale_tokens/authentication_no_stale_tokens.metadata.json

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
     }
   },
   "Categories": [
-    "trust-boundaries"
+    "trust-boundaries",
+    "vercel-hobby-plan"
   ],
   "DependsOn": [],
   "RelatedTo": [

prowler/providers/vercel/services/authentication/authentication_token_not_expired/authentication_token_not_expired.metadata.json

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
     }
   },
   "Categories": [
-    "trust-boundaries"
+    "trust-boundaries",
+    "vercel-hobby-plan"
   ],
   "DependsOn": [],
   "RelatedTo": [

prowler/providers/vercel/services/deployment/deployment_production_uses_stable_target/deployment_production_uses_stable_target.metadata.json

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
     }
   },
   "Categories": [
-    "trust-boundaries"
+    "trust-boundaries",
+    "vercel-hobby-plan"
   ],
   "DependsOn": [],
   "RelatedTo": [],

prowler/providers/vercel/services/domain/domain_dns_properly_configured/domain_dns_properly_configured.metadata.json

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
     }
   },
   "Categories": [
-    "trust-boundaries"
+    "trust-boundaries",
+    "vercel-hobby-plan"
   ],
   "DependsOn": [],
   "RelatedTo": [

prowler/providers/vercel/services/domain/domain_ssl_certificate_valid/domain_ssl_certificate_valid.metadata.json

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
     }
   },
   "Categories": [
-    "encryption"
+    "encryption",
+    "vercel-hobby-plan"
   ],
   "DependsOn": [],
   "RelatedTo": [

prowler/providers/vercel/services/domain/domain_verified/domain_verified.metadata.json

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
     }
   },
   "Categories": [
-    "trust-boundaries"
+    "trust-boundaries",
+    "vercel-hobby-plan"
   ],
   "DependsOn": [],
   "RelatedTo": [

prowler/providers/vercel/services/project/project_auto_expose_system_env_disabled/project_auto_expose_system_env_disabled.metadata.json

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
     }
   },
   "Categories": [
-    "trust-boundaries"
+    "trust-boundaries",
+    "vercel-hobby-plan"
   ],
   "DependsOn": [],
   "RelatedTo": [],

prowler/providers/vercel/services/project/project_deployment_protection_enabled/project_deployment_protection_enabled.metadata.json

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
     }
   },
   "Categories": [
-    "internet-exposed"
+    "internet-exposed",
+    "vercel-hobby-plan"
   ],
   "DependsOn": [],
   "RelatedTo": [

prowler/providers/vercel/services/project/project_directory_listing_disabled/project_directory_listing_disabled.metadata.json

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
     }
   },
   "Categories": [
-    "internet-exposed"
+    "internet-exposed",
+    "vercel-hobby-plan"
   ],
   "DependsOn": [],
   "RelatedTo": [],

prowler/providers/vercel/services/project/project_environment_no_overly_broad_target/project_environment_no_overly_broad_target.metadata.json

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
     }
   },
   "Categories": [
-    "secrets"
+    "secrets",
+    "vercel-hobby-plan"
   ],
   "DependsOn": [],
   "RelatedTo": [

prowler/providers/vercel/services/project/project_environment_no_secrets_in_plain_type/project_environment_no_secrets_in_plain_type.metadata.json

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
     }
   },
   "Categories": [
-    "secrets"
+    "secrets",
+    "vercel-hobby-plan"
   ],
   "DependsOn": [],
   "RelatedTo": [